Objectives

According to the broaden-and-build theory, cultivating positive emotions can build personal resources that help individuals cope with stressors. Recent research suggests that dispositional mindfulness can promote an upward spiral of positive emotions. Mindfulness may also interrupt the downward spiral of negative emotions. Despite considerable research on mindfulness and stress, it remains unclear which facets of mindfulness drive this relationship. As such, we aimed to explore which facets of mindfulness predicted stress and to investigate the potential mediating role of affect and resilience. Extending an existing model of mindfulness in the workplace, we examined both positive and negative affect.

Methods

As part of a larger study testing a workplace mindfulness intervention, 193 full-time employees at a Fortune 100 company in the USA completed self-report measures of trait mindfulness, affect, resilience, and perceived stress.

Results

Structural equation modelling was conducted to compare competing models. For mindfulness, non-reacting and non-judging significantly predicted stress. Contrary to hypotheses, resilience did not predict stress in the final model. Negative affect was the most robust predictor of stress.

Conclusions

Mindfulness may indirectly reduce stress by decreasing experiences of negative affect. Increased positive affect played less of a role in stress reduction. Interpreted through the lens of the broaden-and-build theory, mindfulness may help break the negative spiral by encouraging decentering (i.e., non-judging) and by reducing emotional reactivity to stressors (i.e., non-reacting).

中文翻译：

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使用扩展和构建理论来测试正念、情感和压力的模型

目标

根据扩展与构建理论，培养积极情绪可以构建个人资源，帮助个人应对压力源。最近的研究表明，性格正念可以促进积极情绪的螺旋上升。正念也可以打断负面情绪的螺旋式下降。尽管对正念和压力进行了大量研究，但尚不清楚正念的哪些方面推动了这种关系。因此，我们旨在探索正念的哪些方面可以预测压力，并调查情感和复原力的潜在中介作用。在工作场所扩展现有的正念模型，我们检查了积极和消极的影响。

方法

作为一项测试工作场所正念干预的大型研究的一部分，美国一家财富 100 强公司的 193 名全职员工完成了对特质正念、情感、适应力和感知压力的自我报告测量。

结果

进行结构方程建模以比较竞争模型。对于正念，无反应和无判断显着预测压力。与假设相反，弹性并未预测最终模型中的压力。负面影响是压力最有力的预测因素。

结论

正念可以通过减少负面影响的体验来间接减轻压力。增加的积极影响在减轻压力方面发挥的作用较小。通过扩展和构建理论的视角来解释，正念可以通过鼓励去中心化（即不判断）和减少对压力源的情绪反应（即无反应）来帮助打破负面螺旋。