ABSTRACT The U.S. Navy is investing in the development of new technologies that broaden warship capabilities and maintain U.S. naval superiority. Specifically, Naval Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA) is supporting the development of power systems technologies that enable the Navy to realise an all-electric warship. A challenge to fielding an all-electric power system architecture includes minimising the size of energy storage systems (ESS) while maintaining the response times necessary to support potential pulsed loads. This work explores the trade-off between energy storage size requirements (i.e. mass) and performance (i.e. peak power, energy storage, and control bandwidth) in the context of a power system architecture that meets the needs of the U.S. Navy. In this work, the simulated time domain responses of a representative power system were evaluated under different loading conditions and control parameters, and the results were considered in conjunction with sizing constraints of and estimated specific power and energy densities of various storage technologies. The simulation scenarios were based on representative operational vignettes, and a Ragone plot was used to illustrate the intersection of potential energy storage sizing with the energy and power density requirements of the system. Furthermore, the energy storage control bandwidth requirements were evaluated by simulation for different loading scenarios. Two approaches were taken to design an ESS: one based only on time domain power and energy requirements from simulation and another based on bandwidth (specific frequency) limitations of various technologies.

中文翻译：

---

MVDC 电力系统的储能设计注意事项

摘要 美国海军正在投资开发新技术，以扩大军舰能力并保持美国海军的优势。具体而言，海军海上系统司令部 (NAVSEA) 正在支持电力系统技术的开发，使海军能够实现全电动军舰。部署全电力系统架构面临的挑战包括最小化储能系统 (ESS) 的尺寸，同时保持支持潜在脉冲负载所需的响应时间。这项工作在满足美国海军需求的电力系统架构的背景下探索了储能尺寸要求（即质量）和性能（即峰值功率、储能和控制带宽）之间的权衡。在这项工作中，在不同的负载条件和控制参数下评估了典型电力系统的模拟时域响应，并将结果与​​各种存储技术的尺寸限制和估计的特定功率和能量密度结合考虑。模拟场景基于具有代表性的操作小插曲，并使用 Ragone 图来说明潜在能量存储大小与系统能量和功率密度要求的交集。此外，通过模拟不同负载情况来评估储能控制带宽要求。设计 ESS 时采用了两种方法：