The Iwirākau Project was a collaboration that stretched from urban museums to remote rural marae – the meeting grounds constituted of buildings centred on carved houses in Māori communities – between a Māori writer and a Māori photographer both with tribal connections to Ngāti Porou Tūturu on the East Coast of Te Ika-a-Māui (North Island) of Aotearoa (New Zealand). This area is referred to as Te Riu o Waiapu, the Waiapu Valley, named for the ancestral mother river, and home to many meeting houses carved by men trained in the Iwirākau tradition between 1830 and 1930. This article examines the cultural guidance required to take the camera on to marae and into carved meeting houses to photograph ancestral places. Over the five-year span of working together, new ways of understanding Māori spiritual guardianship of images emerged, aligning with concepts of photographic sovereignty. In conjunction with elders, new tikanga (protocols) for the ethics of photographing, seeking permission, publishing, and returning research were developed. Through this process, three key Māori values – whakapapa (genealogical connection), manaakitanga (hospitality), and rangatiratanga (sovereignty) – guided the project. In this article, Māori filmmaker Barry Barclay’s conception of ‘camera as a friend’ displaces Susan Sontag’s idea of the camera as a weapon, arriving at a new proposition of the camera as part of the extended family.

中文翻译：

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Iwirākau 项目：一种协作的 Waiapu 方法

Iwirākau 项目是一位毛利作家和一位毛利摄影师之间的合作，从城市博物馆延伸到偏远的农村marae - 会议场地由以毛利社区雕刻房屋为中心的建筑物组成 - 由一位毛利作家和一位毛利摄影师共同与东海岸的 Ngāti Porou Tūturu 有部落联系位于 Aotearoa（新西兰）的 Te Ika-a-Māui（北岛）。该地区被称为 Te Riu o Waiapu，Waiapu 山谷，以祖先的母亲河命名，这里有许多由受过 Iwirākau 传统培训的人在 1830 年至 1930 年间建造的会议室。本文探讨了需要采取的文化指导将相机带到marae 并进入雕刻的会议室拍摄祖先的地方。在五年的合作中，出现了理解毛利人对图像的精神监护的新方法，符合摄影主权的概念。与长辈一起，制定了新的 tikanga（协议），用于拍摄、寻求许可、出版和返回研究的道德规范。通过这个过程，三个关键的毛利人价值观——whakapapa（家谱联系）、manaakitanga（好客）和 rangatiratanga（主权）——指导了这个项目。在本文中，毛利电影制片人巴里·巴克莱 (Barry Barclay) 的“相机作为朋友”的概念取代了苏珊·桑塔格 (Susan Sontag) 将相机视为武器的想法，得出了将相机作为大家庭一部分的新主张。三个关键的毛利价值观——whakapapa（家谱联系）、manaakitanga（好客）和rangatiratanga（主权）——指导了这个项目。在本文中，毛利电影制片人巴里·巴克莱 (Barry Barclay) 的“相机作为朋友”的概念取代了苏珊·桑塔格 (Susan Sontag) 将相机视为武器的想法，得出了将相机作为大家庭一部分的新主张。三个关键的毛利价值观——whakapapa（家谱联系）、manaakitanga（好客）和rangatiratanga（主权）——指导了这个项目。在本文中，毛利电影制片人巴里·巴克莱 (Barry Barclay) 的“相机作为朋友”的概念取代了苏珊·桑塔格 (Susan Sontag) 将相机视为武器的想法，得出了将相机作为大家庭一部分的新主张。