In 1859, Reverend Alexander Keith published the thirty-seventh edition of his Evidence of the Truth of the Christian Religion Derived from the Literal Fulfilment of Prophecy; Particularly as Illustrated by the History of the Jews and by the Discoveries of Recent Travellers. Included in the illustrations were eighteen engravings from daguerreotypes, presenting the landscape of Palestine and Syria in order to demonstrate the fulfilment of Old Testament prophecies regarding its desolation. In this article, Keith’s use of photographic reference is presented as it relates to the illustration of specific biblical texts and to his evangelical characterisation of the camera’s empirical point of view. Keith’s notion of photographic truth, while grounded in the mid-nineteenth-century’s conceptualisation of the medium’s indexical science, is revealed through his theology of the literary landscape, his telescoped teleology, and the ‘more than human’ capacity of the lens. The author argues that with the interdisciplinary engagement of biblical studies a deeper critical understanding of such an explicitly confessional position attributes greater complexity and specificity to the role of religious ideology in shaping early Holy Land photography.

中文翻译：

---

摄影和预言的真相：根据亚历山大·基思牧师的说法，银版照片、圣地和圣经

1859 年，亚历山大·基思牧师出版了他的《从字面上的预言应验得出的基督教宗教真理的证据》的第三十七版；特别是犹太人的历史和最近旅行者的发现说明了这一点。插图中包括十八幅银版照片版画，展示了巴勒斯坦和叙利亚的风景，以展示旧约关于其荒凉的预言的实现。在本文中，Keith 使用摄影参考，因为它与特定圣经文本的插图以及他对相机经验观点的福音派特征有关。基思关于摄影真相的概念，虽然基于 19 世纪中叶对媒介索引科学的概念化，通过他的文学景观神学、他的望远镜目的论以及镜头的“超越人类”的能力揭示了这一点。作者认为，随着圣经研究的跨学科参与，对这种明确的忏悔立场的更深入的批判性理解将更大的复杂性和特殊性归因于宗教意识形态在塑造早期圣地摄影中的作用。