ABSTRACT Research going back to 2008 has shown that a vast majority of the people never read privacy policies (AM McDonald and LF Cranor, ‘The Cost of Reading Privacy Policies’ (2008) 4A JLPI 543). Since then, not a lot has changed (F Schaub and others, ‘Designing Effective Privacy Notices and Controls’ (2017) 99 IEEE 70). Most people formally consent to privacy policies without knowing what happens to their personal data. This odd situation is called the privacy paradox: while people highly value their fundamental right to privacy, they do not act accordingly, especially when it concerns new technologies (M Taddicken, ‘The “Privacy Paradox” in the Social Web’ (2013) 19 JCMC 248). Since more and more people use apps on their mobile phones and wearables to measure their health, it is important to do research in this area. Nowadays, privacy is a popular news item; this might be why more and more companies use privacy both in their business models and as a marketing tool. This raises the question whether people really give ‘informed consent’ to privacy policies, as they seem to rely on marketing statements rather than reading the actual privacy policies themselves.

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隐私政策、跨境健康数据和 GDPR

回顾 2008 年的抽象研究表明，绝大多数人从未阅读过隐私政策（AM McDonald 和 LF Cranor，“阅读隐私政策的成本”（2008）4A JLPI 543）。从那时起，并没有太大变化（F Schaub 等人，“设计有效的隐私通知和控制”（2017）99 IEEE 70）。大多数人在不知道他们的个人数据会发生什么的情况下正式同意隐私政策。这种奇怪的情况被称为隐私悖论：虽然人们高度重视他们的基本隐私权，但他们并没有采取相应的行动，尤其是在涉及新技术时（M Taddicken，“社交网络中的“隐私悖论””（2013）19 JCMC 248)。由于越来越多的人在手机和可穿戴设备上使用应用程序来衡量他们的健康状况，因此在这方面进行研究非常重要。如今，隐私是一个流行的新闻；这可能就是为什么越来越多的公司在其商业模式和营销工具中使用隐私的原因。这提出了人们是否真的对隐私政策给予“知情同意”的问题，因为他们似乎依赖营销声明而不是自己阅读实际的隐私政策。