This paper reviews the historical development of concepts and practices in the science of ocean predictions. It begins with meteorology, which conducted the first forecasting experiment in 1950, followed by wind waves, and continuing with tidal and storm surge predictions to arrive at the first successful ocean mesoscale forecast in 1983. The work of Professor A. R. Robinson of Harvard University, who produced the first mesoscale ocean predictions for the deep ocean regions is documented for the first time. The scientific and technological developments that made accurate ocean predictions possible are linked with the gradual understanding of the importance of the oceanic mesoscales and their inclusion in the numerical models. Ocean forecasting developed first at the regional level, due to the relatively low computational requirements, but by the end of the 1990s, it was possible to produce global ocean uncoupled forecasts and coupled ocean-atmosphere seasonal forecasts.

中文翻译：

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从天气到海洋预测：一个历史观点

本文回顾了海洋预测科学中概念和实践的历史发展。它从气象学开始，它在 1950 年进行了第一次预测实验，随后是风浪，并继续进行潮汐和风暴潮预测，从而在 1983 年首次成功进行了海洋中尺度预报。哈佛大学教授 AR Robinson 的工作，他首次记录了深海区域的第一个中尺度海洋预测。使准确的海洋预测成为可能的科学和技术发展与对海洋中尺度重要性的逐渐理解及其包含在数值模型中有关。由于计算要求相对较低，海洋预报首先在区域层面发展起来，