Most species of songbirds exhibit biparental care, but, for many taxa and species, little is known about the relative contributions of males and females in brooding and provisioning nestlings. Additional studies of the contributions of males and females in brooding and feeding nestlings are needed to better understand the respective roles of males and females as well as the factors that might contribute to interspecific variation in those roles. We examined the roles of adult male and female White-eyed Vireos (Vireo griseus) in brooding and provisioning nestlings in east-central Kentucky during the 1996 breeding season. Nests were located by monitoring adult behavior and checking likely nest sites. Once eggs hatched, nests were video-recorded to monitor the behavior of adults. Subsequent review of videos revealed that both male and female White-eyed Vireos brooded young and that males provisioned nestlings at higher rates than females. In contrast to males in many other species of songbirds, male White-eyed Vireos assisted in brooding young and provisioned nestlings at higher rates than their mates. One possible explanation for this is that low rates of extra-pair paternity might increase male confidence of their paternity status. Parental care provided by male White-eyed Vireos may also limit energy expenditure by their mates and increase the likelihood of females re-nesting if nests are predated or initiating second nesting attempts if initial attempts are successful.

中文翻译：

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雄性和雌性白眼 Vireos (Vireo griseus) 育雏和供应雏鸟

大多数鸣禽物种表现出双亲照顾，但对于许多分类群和物种，对雄性和雌性在育雏和供应雏鸟中的相对贡献知之甚少。需要进一步研究雄性和雌性在育雏和喂养雏鸟中的作用，以更好地了解雄性和雌性各自的作用以及可能导致这些作用的种间变异的因素。我们研究了 1996 年繁殖季节在肯塔基州中东部的成年雄性和雌性白眼病毒（Vireo griseus）在育雏和供应雏鸟中的作用。巢穴是通过监测成虫行为和检查可能的巢穴位置来定位的。一旦卵孵化，巢穴就会被录像以监测成虫的行为。随后对视频的审查显示，雄性和雌性白眼 Vireos 都会育雏，而且雄性提供雏鸟的比率高于雌性。与许多其他种类的鸣禽中的雄性相比，雄性白眼 Vireos 以比它们的配偶更高的速率帮助育雏和供应雏鸟。对此的一种可能解释是，低双胞胎亲子关系可能会增加男性对其亲子关系的信心。由雄性白眼 Vireos 提供的父母照顾也可能限制其配偶的能量消耗，并增加雌性如果巢被提前或开始第二次筑巢尝试成功的可能性，则重新筑巢的可能性。雄性白眼 Vireos 以比它们的配偶更高的速率帮助育雏和供应雏鸟。对此的一种可能解释是，低双胞胎亲子关系可能会增加男性对其亲子关系的信心。由雄性白眼 Vireos 提供的父母照顾也可能限制其配偶的能量消耗，并增加雌性如果巢被提前或开始第二次筑巢尝试成功的可能性，则重新筑巢的可能性。雄性白眼 Vireos 以比它们的配偶更高的速率帮助育雏和供应雏鸟。对此的一种可能解释是，低双胞胎亲子关系可能会增加男性对其亲子关系的信心。由雄性白眼 Vireos 提供的父母照顾也可能限制其配偶的能量消耗，并增加雌性如果巢被提前或开始第二次筑巢尝试成功的可能性，则重新筑巢的可能性。