Avian nests are a unique and sometimes extreme environment in which fungi occur. In this study, a correlation was recorded between the breeding biology and ecology of wetland birds and the biology and ecology of fungi in nests of wetland birds. The abundance of ecophysiologically diversified fungi, i.e. saprotrophs, cellulolytic fungi, and potentially zoo- and phytopathogenic fungi, was shown to be significantly higher in large nests, while species diversity (Shannon index) of fungi in nests with similar properties was not significant. The taxonomic structure (genus and species composition) and the spatial structure (frequency) of the nest mycobiota are mainly affected by nests’ specific physical and chemical properties which depend on the breeding and feeding preferences of the birds. In dry, highly sun-exposed nests of the Grey Heron (Ardea cinerea), a species that establishes breeding colonies high in the trees, mainly feeds on fish and has young who defecate into the nest, populations of xerophilic, alkali- and thermotolerant fungi, including keratinolytic fungi (Chrysosporium tropicum), developed. In the nests of the Mute Swan (Cygnus olor), a precocial species which constructs very large, relatively low-hygiene nests at the water's edge and which feeds on plant food, populations of hydrophilic and thermotolerant fungi, including highly cellulolytic fungi such as Chaetomium globosum, were detected. Nests of other small species of wetland birds, whose nests are also located on water but contain smaller amounts of animal-derived material, did not differ significantly mycologically and were colonised mainly by species such as Trichoderma viride and Penicillium purpurogenum, ubiquitous fungi with very high water and thermotolerant requirements.

中文翻译：

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波兰湿地鸟类巢中的真菌频率和多样性：鸟类、巢属性和栖息真菌之间的关系

鸟巢是真菌发生的独特且有时是极端的环境。本研究记录了湿地鸟类的繁殖生物学和生态学与湿地鸟类巢中真菌的生物学和生态学之间的相关性。生态生理多样化的真菌，即腐生菌、纤维素分解真菌和潜在的动物和植物病原真菌的丰度在大巢中显着更高，而具有相似特性的巢中真菌的物种多样性（香农指数）不显着。巢菌群的分类结构（属和种组成）和空间结构（频率）主要受巢特定物理和化学特性的影响，这取决于鸟类的繁殖和摄食偏好。在干燥，灰鹭 (Ardea cinerea) 的高度暴露在阳光下的巢穴，一种在树高处建立繁殖群的物种，主要以鱼为食，并有幼鸟排便进入巢穴，以及耐旱、耐碱和耐热真菌的种群，包括角蛋白溶解真菌（Chrysosporium tropicum），开发。在疣鼻天鹅 (Cygnus olor) 的巢穴中，这是一种早熟物种，它们在水边建造非常大、卫生相对较低的巢穴，以植物性食物、亲水性和耐热性真菌种群为食，包括高度纤维素分解真菌球体，被检测到。其他小型湿地鸟类的巢穴，它们的巢穴也位于水上，但含有较少量的动物源性物质，