Abstract This paper studies individual characteristics of earnings inequality within the population of blacks and whites in the United States over the period 2005-2017. Beyond education and age serving as a proxy for professional experience, applying a new Shapley income decomposition methodology enables us to isolate and measure two discriminative factors in earnings differences: race and gender. We show that these two factors explain a significant share of total earnings inequality, as defined by the Gini index, for all the geographical administrative divisions used. Whatever the division, the share of earnings inequality associated with gender greatly exceeds that of race. While gender earnings inequality has fallen over time, inequality associated with race has tended to increase since 2010 and is stronger in the Southeast of the country.

中文翻译：

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性别和种族对美国各地区收入不平等的影响程度和演变

摘要 本文研究了 2005-2017 年美国黑人和白人人口收入不平等的个体特征。除了作为专业经验代理的教育和年龄之外，应用新的 Shapley 收入分解方法使我们能够隔离和衡量收入差异中的两个歧视性因素：种族和性别。我们表明，对于所有使用的地理行政区划，这两个因素解释了基尼指数定义的总收入不平等的很大一部分。无论是什么划分，与性别相关的收入不平等比例都大大超过了种族比例。虽然性别收入不平等随着时间的推移而下降，但与种族相关的不平等自 2010 年以来趋于加剧，并且在该国东南部更为严重。