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Impact of gender, age and smoking habits on the effectiveness of health warning messages on cigarette packets: research on a highly educated Turkish sample
International Journal of Health Promotion and Education Pub Date : 2020-02-09 , DOI: 10.1080/14635240.2020.1726199
Murat Aktan 1
Affiliation  

ABSTRACT This study investigated the perceived effectiveness of health warning labels (HWs) on smokers and non-smokers. Data were collected online and 342 valid responses were obtained. The impact of HWs in smoking abstinence was analyzed with canonical correlation technique and the results illustrated that the perceived effectiveness of HWs changed with gender, age and smoking levels. HWs depicting unhealthy infants due to second-hand smoking were found to be more effective for female participants. In contrast, depicting male figures who had had heart surgery, a sexual impotence problem and difficulty in breathing during a treadmill stress test were found more effective for males. Although the impact was not very strong, HW that read “smoking causes lethal lung cancer’ was considered effective mostly by the older participants. Finally, smoking frequency was not a significant predictor of the perceived effectiveness of all HWs, except for the two warnings which illustrated the adverse effect of second-hand smoking on infants. These two warnings were considered ineffective against the increase in smoking frequency. From a health promotion viewpoint, these findings highlight the importance of including social determinants in the process of HWs design since the effectiveness of HWs changed based on age, gender and the smoking status of participants. Thus, this study recommends that health policymakers tailor HWs based on gender, age, and smoking status rather than mass communicating the same message across different social groups.

中文翻译:

性别、年龄和吸烟习惯对烟盒健康警示信息有效性的影响:对受过高等教育的土耳其样本的研究

摘要 本研究调查了健康警示标签 (HW) 对吸烟者和非吸烟者的感知效果。在线收集数据,获得 342 份有效回复。使用典型相关技术分析了HWs对戒烟的影响,结果表明HWs的感知有效性随性别、年龄和吸烟水平而变化。研究人员发现,描述因二手烟导致婴儿不健康的 HW 对女性参与者更有效。相比之下,在跑步机压力测试中描绘做过心脏手术、性无能问题和呼吸困难的男性形象对男性更有效。虽然影响不是很大,但写“吸烟会导致致命肺癌”的 HW 被老年参与者认为是有效的。最后,除了说明二手烟对婴儿的不利影响的两个警告外,吸烟频率并不是所有 HW 感知有效性的重要预测因素。这两个警告被认为对吸烟频率的增加无效。从健康促进的角度来看,这些发现强调了在 HW 设计过程中包含社会决定因素的重要性,因为 HW 的有效性会根据参与者的年龄、性别和吸烟状况而变化。因此,这项研究建议卫生政策制定者根据性别、年龄和吸烟状况定制 HW,而不是在不同的社会群体之间大规模传播相同的信息。除了两个警告说明二手烟对婴儿的不利影响。这两个警告被认为对吸烟频率的增加无效。从健康促进的角度来看,这些发现强调了在 HW 设计过程中包含社会决定因素的重要性,因为 HW 的有效性会根据参与者的年龄、性别和吸烟状况而变化。因此,这项研究建议卫生政策制定者根据性别、年龄和吸烟状况定制 HW,而不是在不同的社会群体之间大规模传播相同的信息。除了两个警告说明二手烟对婴儿的不利影响。这两个警告被认为对吸烟频率的增加无效。从健康促进的角度来看,这些发现强调了在 HW 设计过程中包含社会决定因素的重要性,因为 HW 的有效性会根据参与者的年龄、性别和吸烟状况而变化。因此,这项研究建议卫生政策制定者根据性别、年龄和吸烟状况定制 HW,而不是在不同的社会群体之间大规模传播相同的信息。这些发现强调了在 HW 设计过程中包含社会决定因素的重要性,因为 HW 的有效性会根据参与者的年龄、性别和吸烟状况而变化。因此,这项研究建议卫生政策制定者根据性别、年龄和吸烟状况定制 HW,而不是在不同的社会群体之间大规模传播相同的信息。这些发现强调了在 HW 设计过程中包含社会决定因素的重要性,因为 HW 的有效性会根据参与者的年龄、性别和吸烟状况而变化。因此,这项研究建议卫生政策制定者根据性别、年龄和吸烟状况定制 HW,而不是在不同的社会群体之间大规模传播相同的信息。
更新日期:2020-02-09
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