Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the performances of novel roadable personal air vehicle (PAV) concepts that meet established operational requirements with different types of engines.

Design/methodology/approach

The vehicle configuration was devised considering the dimensions and operational restrictions of the roads, runways and parking lots in South Korea. A folding wing design was adopted for road operations and parking. The propulsion designs considered herein use gasoline, diesel and hybrid architectures for longer-range missions. The sizing point of the roadable PAV that minimizes the wing area was selected, and the rate of climb, ground roll distance, cruise speed and service ceiling requirements were met. For various engine types and mission profiles, the performances of differently sized PAVs were compared with respect to the MTOW, wing area, wing span, thrust-to-weight ratio, wing loading, power-to-weight ratio, brake horsepower and fuel efficiency.

Findings

Unlike automobiles, the weight penalty of the hybrid system because of the additional electrical components reduced the fuel efficiency considerably. When the four engine types were compared, matching the total engine system weight, the internal combustion (IC) engine PAVs had better fuel efficiency rates than the hybrid powered PAVs. Finally, a gasoline-powered PAV configuration was selected as the final design because it had the lowest MTOW, despite its slightly worse fuel efficiency compared to that of the diesel-powered engine.

Research limitations/implications

Although an electric aircraft powered only by batteries most capitalizes on the operating cost, noise and emissions benefits of electric propulsion, it also is most hampered by range limitations. Air traffic integration or any safety, and noise issues were not accounted in this study.

Practical implications

Aircraft sizing is a critical aspect of a system-level study because it is a prerequisite for most design and analysis activities, including those related to the internal layout as well as cost and system effectiveness analyses. The results of this study can be implemented to design a PAV.

Social implications

This study can contribute to the establishment of innovative PAV concepts that can alleviate today’s transportation problems.

Originality/value

This study compared the sizing results of PAVs with hybrid engines with those having IC engines.

中文翻译：

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使用各种发动机类型的实验设计的可上路个人飞行器的初始尺寸

目的

本文的目的是分析和比较新型可上路个人飞行器 (PAV) 概念的性能，这些概念满足不同类型发动机的既定操作要求。

设计/方法/方法

车辆配置的设计考虑了韩国道路、跑道和停车场的尺寸和运营限制。道路作业和停车采用折叠翼设计。此处考虑的推进设计使用汽油、柴油和混合动力架构进行远程任务。选择了最小化机翼面积的可上路PAV的尺寸点，并满足爬升率、地滚距离、巡航速度和服务上限要求。对于各种发动机类型和任务剖面，不同尺寸的 PAV 的性能在 MTOW、机翼面积、翼展、推重比、翼载荷、功率重量比、制动马力和燃油效率方面进行了比较.

发现

与汽车不同的是，混合动力系统由于额外的电子元件而导致的重量损失大大降低了燃油效率。当比较四种发动机类型时，匹配发动机系统的总重量，内燃机 (IC) 发动机 PAV 比混合动力 PAV 具有更好的燃油效率。最后，选择汽油动力 PAV 配置作为最终设计，因为它的 MTOW 最低，尽管与柴油动力发动机相比，其燃油效率略差。

研究限制/影响

尽管仅由电池供电的电动飞机最能利用电力推进的运营成本、噪音和排放优势，但它也最受航程限制的阻碍。本研究未考虑空中交通整合或任何安全和噪音问题。

实际影响

飞机选型是系统级研究的一个关键方面，因为它是大多数设计和分析活动的先决条件，包括与内部布局以及成本和系统有效性分析相关的活动。本研究的结果可用于设计 PAV。

社会影响

这项研究有助于建立可以缓解当今交通问题的创新 PAV 概念。

原创性/价值

本研究比较了配备混合动力发动机的 PAV 与配备 IC 发动机的 PAV 的选型结果。