Past few years have seen a paradigm shift towards ecofriendly, green and biological fabrication of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) for diverse nanomedicinal applications especially in cancer nanotheranostics. Besides, the well-known green synthesis methods of plant materials, the potential of the microbial world (bacteria, fungi, alga, etc.) in biofabrication is equally realized. Biomolecules and enzymes in the microbial cells are capable of catalyzing the biosynthesis process. These microbial derived inorganic nanoparticles have been frequently evaluated as potential agents in cancer therapies revealing exciting results. Through, cellular and molecular pathways, these microbial derived nanoparticles are capable of killing the cancer cells. Considering the recent developments in the anticancer applications of microbial derived inorganic MNPs, a dire need was felt to bring the available information to a single document. This manuscript reviews not only the mechanistic aspects of the microbial derived MNPs but also include the diverse mechanisms that governs their anticancer potential. Besides, an updated literature review is presented that includes studies of 2019-onwards.

在过去的几年里，范式已经转向生态友好、绿色和生物制造的金属纳米粒子 (MNP)，用于各种纳米医学应用，尤其是在癌症纳米治疗学中。此外，众所周知的植物材料绿色合成方法，微生物世界（细菌、真菌、藻类等）在生物制造中的潜力同样得到了实现。微生物细胞中的生物分子和酶能够催化生物合成过程。这些微生物衍生的无机纳米颗粒经常被评估为癌症治疗中的潜在药物，并显示出令人兴奋的结果。通过细胞和分子途径，这些微生物衍生的纳米颗粒能够杀死癌细胞。考虑到微生物衍生的无机 MNP 在抗癌应用方面的最新发展，迫切需要将可用信息整合到一份文件中。这份手稿不仅回顾了微生物衍生的 MNP 的机制方面，还包括控制其抗癌潜力的多种机制。此外，还提供了一份更新的文献综述，其中包括 2019 年以后的研究。