Dyadic interactions are associated with the exchange of personality-related messages, which can be congruent or incongruent with one’s self-view. In the current preregistered study (N = 52), we investigated event-related potentials (ERPs) toward real social evaluations in order to uncover the neural mechanisms underlying the processing of congruent and incongruent evaluative feedback. Participants interacted first, and then during an electroencephalogram (EEG) session, they received evaluations from their interaction partner that were either congruent or incongruent with their own ratings. Findings show potentiated processing of self-related incongruent negative evaluations at early time points (N1) followed by increased processing of both incongruent negative and positive evaluations at midlatency time windows (early posterior negativity) and a prioritized processing of self-related incongruent positive evaluations at late time points (feedback-related P3, late positive potential). These findings reveal that, after real social interactions, evaluative feedback about oneself that violates one’s self-view modulates all processing stages with an early negativity and a late positivity bias.

二元交互与个性相关信息的交换有关，这可能与一个人的自我观点一致或不一致。在当前的预注册研究中（N= 52），我们研究了针对真实社会评价的事件相关电位（ERP），以揭示处理一致和不一致评价反馈的神经机制。参与者首先进行交互，然后在脑电图 (EEG) 会话期间，他们从他们的交互伙伴那里收到与他们自己的评级一致或不一致的评估。结果显示，在早期时间点 (N1) 对自我相关不一致负面评价的处理得到加强，随后在中延迟时间窗口（早期后验消极性）对不一致消极和积极评价的处理增加，并在后期时间点（反馈相关 P3，后期正电位）。这些发现表明，