In recent years, there has been an increase in outbreaks of diseases that are preventable by vaccination. As vaccination involves behavior, behavior analysts are uniquely positioned to contribute solutions to this socially significant problem. The present article explores a behavior-analytic approach to understanding the function of the behavior of both people who have their children vaccinated and those who do not have their children vaccinated, and potential interventions to increase vaccination rates. An introduction to the problem is followed by a brief history of the antivaccination movement. In our analysis, a failure to vaccinate is conceptualized as a noncompliance response (i.e., medical nonadherence), and conditions giving rise to that noncompliance are evaluated. In this process, the roles of avoidance, the functional-altering impact of rule-governed behavior, relational frames, and countercontrol are considered. Potential solutions informed by applied behavior-analytic literature, including contingency management and behavioral safety, are discussed.

近年来，可通过疫苗接种预防的疾病暴发有所增加。由于疫苗接种涉及行为，行为分析师具有独特的优势，可以为这一具有社会重大意义的问题提供解决方案。本文探讨了一种行为分析方法，以了解为孩子接种疫苗的人和未为孩子接种疫苗的人的行为功能，以及提高疫苗接种率的潜在干预措施。对该问题的介绍之后是反疫苗运动的简史。在我们的分析中，未能接种疫苗被概念化为不依从性反应（即医疗不依从），并评估导致不依从性的条件。在此过程中，考虑了回避的作用、规则管理行为的功能改变影响、关系框架和反控制。讨论了应用行为分析文献提供的潜在解决方案，包括应急管理和行为安全。