This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of best management practices (BMPs) to reduce soil erosion in Gumara watershed of the Abbay (Upper Blue Nile) Basin using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model. The model was calibrated (1995–2002) and validated (2003–2007) using the SWAT-CUP based on observed streamflow and sediment yield data at the watershed outlet. The study evaluated four individual BMP Scenarios; namely, filter strips (FS), stone/soil bunds (SSB), grassed waterways (GW) and reforestation of croplands (RC), and three blended BMP Scenarios, which combines individual BMPS of FS and RC (FS & RC), GW and RC (GW & RC), and SSB and GW (SSB & GW). Mean annual sediment yield at the baseline conditions was estimated at 19.7 t ha⁻¹yr⁻¹, which was reduced by 13.7, 30.5, 16.2 and 25.9% in the FS, SSB, GW, and RC Scenarios, respectively at the watershed scale. The highest reduction efficiency of 34% was achieved through the implementations of the SSB & GW Scenario. The GW & RC, and FS & RC Scenarios reduced the baseline sediment yield by 32% and 29.9%, respectively. The study therefore concluded that the combined Scenarios mainly SSB & GW, and GW & RC can be applied to reduce the high soil erosion in the Gumera watershed, and similar agro-ecological watersheds in Ethiopia. In cases where applying the combined scenarios is not possible, the SSB Scenario can yield significant soil erosion reduction.

本研究旨在使用土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模型评估最佳管理实践 (BMP) 在减少 Abbay（上青尼罗河）流域 Gumara 流域土壤侵蚀方面的有效性。该模型使用 SWAT-CUP 校准（1995-2002 年）和验证（2003-2007 年），基于流域出口处观察到的水流和沉积物产量数据。该研究评估了四个单独的 BMP 情景；即过滤带 (FS)、石头/土堤 (SSB)、草地水道 (GW) 和农田再造林 (RC)，以及三个混合 BMP 场景，结合了 FS 和 RC 的单个 BMPS (FS & RC)、GW和 RC (GW & RC)，以及 SSB 和 GW (SSB & GW)。基线条件下的年平均沉积物产量估计为 19.7 t ha ^-1 yr ^-1，在流域尺度的 FS、SSB、GW 和 RC 情景中分别降低了 13.7、30.5、16.2 和 25.9%。通过 SSB 和 GW 场景的实施，实现了 34% 的最高还原效率。GW & RC 和 FS & RC 情景分别将基线沉积物产量降低了 32% 和 29.9%。因此，研究得出结论，主要是 SSB 和 GW 以及 GW 和 RC 的组合情景可用于减少 Gumera 流域和埃塞俄比亚类似的农业生态流域的高水土流失。在无法应用组合情景的情况下，SSB 情景可以显着减少土壤侵蚀。