We survey the growing literature studying the effects of natural resource abundance or dependence on human capital accumulation, a key factor in development and economic growth. This survey distinguishes between measures of resource abundance versus dependence, and between input, outcome, or participation measures of education and health. We find that a majority of studies find adverse effects of natural resource abundance or dependence on education and health, but that a small to sizeable minority find mixed or beneficial effects. The sheer robustness of negative findings across numerous approaches lends credibility to theories that reliance on resource extraction risks negative effects on the quantity or quality of supply of education and health services, and the demand for advanced education. At the same time, the minority of studies finding positive resource effects suggests there are both methodological and policy lessons that can be learned.

中文翻译：

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自然资源对人力资本积累的影响：文献调查

我们调查了越来越多的研究自然资源丰富或依赖人力资本积累的影响的文献，人力资本积累是发展和经济增长的关键因素。该调查区分了资源丰富度与依赖度的衡量标准，以及教育和健康的投入、结果或参与衡量标准。我们发现，大多数研究发现自然资源丰富或对教育和健康的依赖会产生不利影响，但也有一小部分研究发现了混合或有益影响。跨越多种方法的负面发现的绝对稳健性为依赖资源开采可能对教育和卫生服务供应的数量或质量以及对高等教育的需求产生负面影响的理论提供了可信度。同时，