Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a worldwide emergency that has affected millions of populations in developed and underdeveloped countries. To our surprise, many people have been tested positive twice. Few cases of true reinfections involved genetic alterations in the virus. Appearance of multiple positive tests may be due to human errors or remnant genetic material, but genetic modification in virus represents very serious issue of controlling this pandemic. It is the need of the day that all the gaps and deficiencies, represented by variable response of adaptive immune system toward this infection, be filled and rectified. We have discussed reinfections with variable outcomes along with the possible reasons for variable response. Phenomena such as T cell memory, absence of cross-reactive immunity, T cell exhaustion, drawbacks pertaining to neutralizing antibodies, and immune enhancement are crucial areas by which adaptive immune response can weaken considerably. Earlier and stronger herd immunity is also at the mercy of strong adaptive immune system to avoid future pandemics by the same microorganism. Likewise, consequences of this phenomenon should also be considered during vaccine development as resources worth billions are being used and staked. Many countries have entered the second/third waves of COVID-19. Therefore, we need to come up with ways toward uniform strengthening of adaptive immune response to fight off this pandemic. Also, to develop and maintain constant resistance to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), the mentioned weakened links in the chain of adaptive immunity may be explored to keep viral invasion and physiological damage to minimum.

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关于适应性免疫在防止 SARS-CoV-2 再次感染中的作用的概述

2019 年冠状病毒病 (COVID-19) 是一种全球紧急情况，已影响发达国家和欠发达国家的数百万人口。令我们惊讶的是，许多人两次检测呈阳性。很少有真正的再感染病例涉及病毒的基因改变。多次阳性测试的出现可能是由于人为错误或残留遗传物质造成的，但病毒的基因改造代表了控制这一流行病的非常严重的问题。以适应性免疫系统对这种感染的可变反应为代表的所有差距和缺陷都需要得到填补和纠正，这是当今的需要。我们已经讨论了具有可变结果的再感染以及可变反应的可能原因。现象，如 T 细胞记忆、缺乏交叉反应性免疫、T 细胞耗竭、与中和抗体有关的缺点和免疫增强是适应性免疫反应可以大大减弱的关键领域。更早和更强的群体免疫也受制于强大的适应性免疫系统，以避免未来由同一微生物引起的大流行。同样，在疫苗开发过程中也应考虑这种现象的后果，因为正在使用和投入价值数十亿美元的资源。许多国家已进入 COVID-19 的第二/第三波。因此，我们需要想办法统一加强适应性免疫反应，以对抗这种流行病。此外，为了发展和保持对严重急性呼吸系统综合症冠状病毒 (SARS-CoV-2) 的持续抵抗力，