Camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is an oilseed crop in the Brassicaceae family that is currently being developed as a source of bioenergy and healthy fatty acids. To facilitate modern breeding efforts through marker-assisted selection and biotechnology, we evaluated genetic variation among a worldwide collection of 222 camelina accessions. We performed whole-genome resequencing to obtain single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers and to analyze genomic diversity. We also conducted phenotypic field evaluations in two consecutive seasons for variations in key agronomic traits related to oilseed production such as seed size, oil content (OC), fatty acid composition, and flowering time. We determined the population structure of the camelina accessions using 161,301 SNPs. Further, we identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) and candidate genes controlling the above field-evaluated traits by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) complemented with linkage mapping using a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population. Characterization of the natural variation at the genome and phenotypic levels provides valuable resources to camelina genetic studies and crop improvement. The QTL and candidate genes should assist in breeding of advanced camelina varieties that can be integrated into the cropping systems for the production of high yield of oils of desired fatty acid composition.

中文翻译：

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全基因组重测序和QTL定位对亚麻油籽性状自然变异的遗传剖析

亚麻荠 [亚麻荠(L.) Crantz] 是十字花科的一种油籽作物，目前正在开发中作为生物能源和健康脂肪酸的来源。为了通过标记辅助选择和生物技术促进现代育种工作，我们评估了全球 222 种亚麻荠种质中的遗传变异。我们进行了全基因组重测序以获得单核苷酸多态性 (SNP) 标记并分析基因组多样性。我们还在连续两个季节对与油籽生产相关的关键农艺性状的变化进行了表型田间评估，例如种子大小、含油量 (OC)、脂肪酸组成和开花时间。我们使用 161,301 个 SNP 确定了山茶属种质的种群结构。更远，我们通过全基因组关联研究 (GWAS) 确定了数量性状基因座 (QTL) 和控制上述田间评估性状的候选基因，并辅以使用重组自交系 (RIL) 种群的连锁作图。在基因组和表型水平上表征自然变异为亚麻荠遗传研究和作物改良提供了宝贵的资源。QTL 和候选基因应有助于培育先进的亚麻荠品种，这些品种可以整合到种植系统中，以生产具有所需脂肪酸组成的高产油。在基因组和表型水平上表征自然变异为亚麻荠遗传研究和作物改良提供了宝贵的资源。QTL 和候选基因应有助于培育先进的亚麻荠品种，这些品种可以整合到种植系统中，以生产具有所需脂肪酸组成的高产油。在基因组和表型水平上表征自然变异为亚麻荠遗传研究和作物改良提供了宝贵的资源。QTL 和候选基因应有助于培育先进的亚麻荠品种，这些品种可以整合到种植系统中，以生产具有所需脂肪酸组成的高产油。