Ammonia is an important chemical for agriculture and industry and also a promising energy carrier. Nitrogen reduction by renewable energy is an attractive technology for ammonia production. Because of their high affinity for nitrogen, molybdenum (Mo)-based nanomaterials have been demonstrated to be efficient electrocatalysts for nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR). In this review, we focus on the recent progress of Mo-based electrocatalysts for NRR under ambient conditions. First, we discuss multiple pathways of the proton-electron transfer involved in the electrocatalytic NRR. Second, we summarize recent advances of Mo-based catalysts, with emphasis on the relationship between the local environment of the catalytic site and the catalytic activity, and related mechanisms. Third, we provide a perspective of the challenges and future opportunities of Mo-based NRR catalysts.

氨是一种重要的农业和工业化学品，也是一种很有前途的能源载体。通过可再生能源减少氮是氨生产的一项有吸引力的技术。由于它们对氮的高亲和力，钼 (Mo) 基纳米材料已被证明是氮还原反应 (NRR) 的有效电催化剂。在这篇综述中，我们重点关注环境条件下用于 NRR 的 Mo 基电催化剂的最新进展。首先，我们讨论了电催化 NRR 中涉及的质子 - 电子转移的多种途径。其次，我们总结了钼基催化剂的最新进展，重点介绍了催化位点局部环境与催化活性之间的关系，以及相关机制。第三，