The role of polyamines in regulating amino acid biosynthesis in rice grains,Food and Energy Security

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The role of polyamines in regulating amino acid biosynthesis in rice grains
Food and Energy Security ( IF 4.0 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-09 , DOI: 10.1002/fes3.306
Yunji Xu _{1,

2,

3} , Chaoqun Jian _{1,

2} , Ke Li _{1,

2} , Yinfang Tian ₄ , Kuanyu Zhu ₂ , Weiyang Zhang ₂ , Weilu Wang _{1,

2,

3} , Zhiqin Wang ₂ , Jianchang Yang _{1,

2}

Affiliation

Polyamines (PAs) are important endogenous plant growth regulators mediating the grain yield and quality in rice. This study was to clarify whether and how PAs regulate amino acid composition and content in milled rice. We grew three categories of rice cultivars differing in protein contents in the field and investigated the relationship of free-PAs concentrations in filling grains with the activities of key enzymes involved in amino acid biosynthesis and with the amino acid contents of milled rice. Cultivars with higher concentrations of free-Spermidine (Spd) and free-Spermine (Spm) exhibited higher amino acid contents than the others. The concentrations of free-Spd and free-Spm were significantly and positively correlated with the contents of essential amino acids (EAAs), non-essential amino acids (NEAAs), and total amino acids (TAAs) in milled rice, whereas the concentration of free-Putrescine (Put) had no effect on these parameters. The concentrations of free-Spd and free-Spm were linearly associated with the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS), glutamate synthetase (GOGAT), aspartate transaminase (AST), aspartate kinase (AK), and alanine transaminase (ALT), but only GOGAT, AST, and ALT were significantly and positively correlated with amino acid content. The application of exogenous Spd or Spm to panicles increased the activities of these key enzymes and amino acid contents, whereas the application of MGBG (an inhibitor of Spd and Spm synthesis) had the opposite effect. Applying Put had no significant effect on these traits. These results suggest that free-Spd and free-Spm enhance amino acid biosynthesis during grain filling in rice, primarily by improving the activities of GOGAT, AST, and ALT.

中文翻译：

多胺在调控稻谷氨基酸生物合成中的作用

多胺（PAs）是调节水稻产量和品质的重要内源性植物生长调节剂。本研究旨在阐明 PAs 是否以及如何调节精米中的氨基酸组成和含量。我们在田间种植了三种蛋白质含量不同的水稻品种，并研究了灌浆中游离 PAs 浓度与参与氨基酸生物合成的关键酶活性和精米氨基酸含量的关系。具有较高浓度的游离亚精胺 (Spd) 和游离精胺 (Spm) 的品种表现出比其他品种更高的氨基酸含量。free-Spd和free-Spm的浓度与必需氨基酸（EAAs）、非必需氨基酸（NEAAs）、和精米中的总氨基酸 (TAA)，而游离腐胺 (Put) 的浓度对这些参数没有影响。free-Spd 和 free-Spm 的浓度与谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS)、谷氨酸合成酶 (GOGAT)、天冬氨酸转氨酶 (AST)、天冬氨酸激酶 (AK) 和丙氨酸转氨酶 (ALT) 的活性呈线性相关，但仅GOGAT、AST、ALT与氨基酸含量呈显着正相关。外源Spd或Spm在穗上的应用增加了这些关键酶的活性和氨基酸含量，而MGBG（Spd和Spm合成抑制剂）的应用则具有相反的效果。应用看跌期权对这些特征没有显着影响。这些结果表明，free-Spd 和 free-Spm 增强了水稻灌浆过程中的氨基酸生物合成，

更新日期：2021-06-09

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