Most breast cancers in Oman are diagnosed at advanced stages and therefore early detection is important. The Oman Cancer Association (OCA) initiated a mobile mammography program in 2009, but no studies have evaluated its impact. This study aimed at estimating the proportion and predictors of OCA-screened women who had repeated mammography (adherence) and the sensitivity and specificity of the program. Demographic, screening, diagnosis, and treatment data of 13,079 women screened in the OCA mammography clinic from 2009 to 2016, and medical records of all breast cancer patients seen at Royal and Sultan Qaboos University hospitals during the same period were retrieved. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify predictors of adherence. A total of 8278 screened women over age 42 years (median age of 50 ± 8 years) were included in the study. Only 18% of initially negative screened women were compliant with recommended subsequent screening. Predictors of adherence included age (50–69 years), family history of cancer, family history of breast cancer, and breast self-examination. The overall cancer detection rate was 4.1/1000 screened women. Positive predictive value of screening was 4.7% with a sensitivity rate of 53% and specificity of 92%. This study showed a low mammography adherence among previously screened women. The study revealed low sensitivity, high specificity, and an acceptable cancer detection rate. Future programs should focus on improving data collection of screened women, maintaining the linkage of databases of screening and treatment clinics, and developing guidelines for breast cancer screening in Oman. The recommendations based on the study results should be incorporated into future professional, patient, and public cancer education programs.

阿曼的大多数乳腺癌都是在晚期被诊断出来的，因此早期发现很重要。阿曼癌症协会 (OCA) 于 2009 年启动了移动乳房 X 光检查计划，但没有研究评估其影响。本研究旨在估计重复乳房 X 光检查（依从性）的 OCA 筛查女性的比例和预测因素，以及该计划的敏感性和特异性。检索了 2009 年至 2016 年在 OCA 乳房 X 光检查诊所筛查的 13,079 名女性的人口统计学、筛查、诊断和治疗数据，以及同期在皇家和苏丹卡布斯大学医院就诊的所有乳腺癌患者的医疗记录。进行逻辑回归分析以确定依从性的预测因素。该研究共包括 8278 名 42 岁以上（中位年龄为 50 ± 8 岁）的筛查女性。只有 18% 的最初筛查阴性的女性符合推荐的后续筛查。依从性的预测因素包括年龄（50-69 岁）、癌症家族史、乳腺癌家族史和乳房自我检查。总体癌症检出率为 4.1/1000 名接受筛查的女性。筛查阳性预测值为4.7%，敏感性为53%，特异性为92%。这项研究表明，先前接受过筛查的女性的乳房 X 线摄影依从性较低。该研究揭示了低灵敏度、高特异性和可接受的癌症检出率。未来的计划应侧重于改进筛查妇女的数据收集，维护筛查和治疗诊所数据库的联系，以及制定阿曼乳腺癌筛查指南。