We explore potential relationships between international economic activities and gender wage gaps (GWGs) using linked employer-employee data for Japan. We find evidence that exporting and multinational activities are associated with reduced GWGs. Domestic-owned firms that neither export nor invest abroad (i.e., domestic-only firms) report the largest GWG, followed by Japanese-owned multinational enterprises (JMNE), then by locally-owned exporters that do not invest abroad and finally by foreign-owned multinational enterprises (FMNE). We separate FMNE by mode of entry and confirm that FMNE established by greenfield investment deviate more than FMNE established by merger and acquisition from domestic-only firms in terms of wages. Greenfield-born FMNE are associated with the smallest GWG and largest gender-neutral wage premium among the firm types. The estimated GWG among Greenfield-born FMNE is almost 12 percentage-points lower than the 26.8 percent prevailing at domestic-only firms.

我们使用日本的雇主-雇员相关数据探索国际经济活动与性别工资差距 (GWG) 之间的潜在关系。我们发现证据表明出口和跨国活动与 GWG 减少有关。既不出口也不投资国外的国内企业（即国内企业）报告的 GWG 最大，其次是日本跨国企业 (JMNE)，然后是不向国外投资的本土出口企业，最后是外国企业。拥有的跨国企业（FMNE）。我们通过进入方式将 FMNE 分开，并确认绿地投资建立的 FMNE 在工资方面比并购内资企业建立的 FMNE 偏差更大。绿地出生的 FMNE 与公司类型中最小的 GWG 和最大的性别中性工资溢价相关。