In order to evaluate the pollution and ecological risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the soil around the Qinghai Lake, 89 surface soil samples were collected in May 2019. After ultrasonic extraction and purification of silica gel-alumina-anhydrous Na₂SO₄ chromatographic column, GC-MS was used to test and analyze 16 kinds of monomer PAHs under priority control of USEPA in the samples, so as to study the distribution characteristics, sources and ecological risks. The results are shown as follows: (1) The total amount of 16 kinds of PAHs in the soil of the study area was 169.00∼638.94 μgkg⁻¹ , with an average of 318.37 μgkg⁻¹. The PAHs are dominated by dicyclic and tricyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, accounting for 40.89%∼70.73% of the mass fraction of PAHs, with an average of 49.22%, and phenanthrene accounts for the highest mass fraction. (2) The percentage of sampling points that exceeded the standard (200 μgkg⁻¹, which represents the upper limit of ‘no pollution’) was 87.6%, dominated by mild pollution(200∼600 μgkg⁻¹). The soil pollution in the west and south of the Qinghai Lake is relatively lighter than the north of the Qinghai Lake. (3) The toxicity equivalent concentration of TEQ_BaP for pyrene ranged from 8.19 to 42.35 μgkg⁻¹, with an average of 18.82 μgkg⁻¹. The ecological risk assessment results based on toxicity equivalent concentration and risk quality standard method showed that there was a low risk of PAHs in soil in this study area, and only a few areas exceeding the target reference value, mainly concentrated in the northern area of Qinghai Lake. (4) The results of source analysis by ratio method and principal component analysis method show that PAHs in the surface soil of the region around the Qinghai Lake come mainly from the combustion of oil and biomass.

为评价青海湖周边土壤中多环芳烃（PAHs）的污染和生态风险，于2019年5月采集了89份表层土壤样品，经硅胶-氧化铝-无水Na ₂ SO ₄超声提取纯化后采用色谱柱、GC-MS对样品中美国环保署优先控制的16种单体PAHs进行检测分析，研究其分布特征、来源及生态风险。结果如下： (1)研究区土壤中16种PAHs总量为169.00∼638.94 μ gkg ^-1，平均为318.37 μ gkg ^-1. PAHs以二环和三环芳烃为主，占PAHs质量分数的40.89%～70.73%，平均为49.22%，其中菲占最高质量分数。(2) 超标（200 μ gkg ^-1，为“无污染”上限）的采样点比例为87.6%，以轻度污染（200∼600 μ gkg ^-1）为主。青海湖西部和南部的土壤污染相对于青海湖北部较轻。(3) TEQ _BaP对芘的毒性当量浓度范围为8.19～42.35 μ gkg ^-1，平均为18.82 μgkg ^-1。基于毒性当量浓度和风险质量标准法的生态风险评估结果表明，该研究区土壤中PAHs风险较低，仅少数地区超过目标参考值，主要集中在青海北部地区。湖。(4)比值法和主成分分析法来源分析结果表明，青海湖周边地区表层土壤中的PAHs主要来源于石油和生物质的燃烧。