The discovery of monolayered black phosphorus (phosphorene) in 2014 gives rise to enormous research enthusiasm for its unique electrical and physicochemical properties. Since then, the applications of black phosphorus and its nanostructures have been extended to various fields covering field effect transistors, rechargeable batteries, electrocatalysis, sensors, thermoelectric materials, and so forth. However, controllable and scalable synthesis of BP and its nanostructures remains a challenge. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the progress towards the synthesis of bulk BP and its typical nanostructured counterparts, including the 0D BP (quantum dots), 1D BP (nano/micro-belts), 2D BP (phosphorene), and 3D BP (sponges). Special focus will be made on the various synthetic methods, the characterizations of products, and the corresponding necessary improvements. We close the review with a look at the challenges and perspectives regarding future studies.

2014 年发现的单层黑磷（磷烯）因其独特的电学和物理化学性质引起了巨大的研究热情。此后，黑磷及其纳米结构的应用扩展到场效应晶体管、可充电电池、电催化、传感器、热电材料等各个领域。然而，BP 及其纳米结构的可控和可扩展合成仍然是一个挑战。在这篇综述中，我们对大块 BP 及其典型纳米结构对应物的合成进展进行了最先进的概述，包括 0D BP（量子点）、1D BP（纳米/微带）、2D BP（磷烯）和 3D BP（海绵）。将特别关注各种合成方法、产品特性、以及相应的必要改进。我们通过审视未来研究的挑战和观点来结束评论。