It is shown that plasma turbulence at the edge of a fusion machine can lead to significant broadening of an X-mode microwave beam, which also impacts the performance of the heating systems and diagnostics. Based on a similar method developed for O-mode polarization, the expression for the mean microwave power distribution after the beam passes through the plasma edge turbulence is obtained, and its spatial and probabilistic distributions are analyzed. As this polarization is used for collective Thomson scattering (CTS) on ITER and for electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) on ASDEX Upgrade, numerical simulations of beam broadening due to the edge turbulence are performed for the two conditions of plasma parameters, related to the planned CTS experiments on ITER and to ECRH experiments on ASDEX Upgrade. Ideas to reduce the beam broadening induced by the edge turbulence in the CTS case have been tested and are summarized in the conclusion.

结果表明，聚变机边缘的等离子体湍流会导致 X 模式微波束显着展宽，这也会影响加热系统和诊断的性能。基于类似的O模偏振方法，得到了光束通过等离子体边缘湍流后的平均微波功率分布表达式，并分析了其空间分布和概率分布。由于这种极化用于 ITER 上的集体汤姆森散射 (CTS) 和 ASDEX Upgrade 上的电子回旋共振加热 (ECRH)，因此对两种等离子体参数条件进行了边缘湍流引起的光束展宽的数值模拟，与计划在 ITER 上进行 CTS 实验并在 ASDEX 升级上进行 ECRH 实验。