We study the properties of Bose–Einstein condensates under a non-Hermitian spin–orbit coupling (SOC), induced by a dissipative two-photon Raman process. We focus on the dynamics of the condensate at short times, when the impact of decoherence induced by quantum jumps is negligible and the dynamics is coherently driven by a non-Hermitian Hamiltonian. Given the significantly modified single-particle physics by dissipative SOC, the interplay of non-Hermiticity and interaction leads to a quasi-steady-state phase diagram different from its Hermitian counterpart. In particular, we find that dissipation can induce a phase transition from the stripe phase to the plane-wave phase. We further map out the phase diagram with respect to the dissipation and interaction strengths, and finally investigate the stability of quasi-steady states through the time-dependent dissipative Gross–Pitaevskii equation. Our results are readily accessible based on standard experiments with synthetic spin–orbit couplings.

我们研究了由耗散双光子拉曼过程引起的非厄米自旋轨道耦合 (SOC) 下的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的性质。我们专注于短时间凝聚体的动力学，此时量子跳跃引起的退相干的影响可以忽略不计，并且动力学由非厄米哈密顿量相干驱动。鉴于耗散 SOC 对单粒子物理的显着修改，非 Hermitity 和相互作用的相互作用导致了与 Hermitian 对应物不同的准稳态相图。特别是，我们发现耗散可以引起从条纹相到平面波相的相变。我们进一步绘制了关于耗散和相互作用强度的相图，最后通过时间相关耗散Gross-Pitaevskii方程研究准稳态的稳定性。基于合成自旋轨道耦合的标准实验，我们的结果很容易获得。