The status of our basic understanding of the physics and structure of glasses is presented in the light of recent developments in the experimental, phenomenological, and numerical approach to the description of real systems. Spontaneous and induced dynamic heterogeneities appear in the supercooled state of liquids and become frozen intact below the glass transition point. In most cases, mesoscopic heterogeneities due to partial microphase separation are frozen in glasses. Thus, glasses can be described as dynamically arrested heterogeneous supercooled liquids with more solid-like and liquid-like nanoscale regions. The critical issue is that, depending on material type and temperature, the heterogeneities exhibit different size distributions with the solid-like regions probably displaying a degree of hidden quasi-order. This scenario naturally explains some of the important physical properties of real glasses.

根据描述真实系统的实验、现象学和数值方法的最新发展，介绍了我们对玻璃物理和结构的基本理解的状态。自发的和诱导的动态异质性出现在液体的过冷状态，并在玻璃化转变点以下完整冻结。在大多数情况下，由于部分微相分离导致的介观异质性在玻璃中被冻结。因此，玻璃可以被描述为动态滞留的异质过冷液体，具有更多类似固体和类似液体的纳米尺度区域。关键问题是，根据材料类型和温度，异质性表现出不同的尺寸分布，类固体区域可能表现出一定程度的隐藏准有序。