Majorana bound states (MBSs) are spatially-localized zero-energy quasiparticles following non-Abelian braiding statistics that hold a great promise for fault-tolerant topological quantum computing. Different platforms have been designed to realize the MBSs in condensed matter, including semiconducting nanowire in proximity to conventional superconductors, superconductor-topological insulator layered heterostructures, 1D atomic chains on superconducting surface. Recently, iron-based superconductors have emerged as a new platform for studying Majorana zero mode. A sharp zero-bias peak inside a vortex core that does not split when moving away from the center is observed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) in FeTe_0.55Se_0.45. This zero-energy mode is assigned to the MBS. In this topic review, we present an overview of the recent experimental works of STM studies on the MBS. We start with the STM identification of MBSs in the vortices in FeTe_0.55Se_0.45 and discuss the advantages FeTe_0.55Se_0.45 compared with other platforms. We then review the topological origin of the MBS and discuss the reason why the MBS is not seen in every single vortex. We also review the recently observed nearly quantized conductance plateau feature of the MBS owing to its particle–antiparticle equivalence. Finally, we give perspective on future experimental works in this field, where the next important steps towards braiding of MBS can be expected.

马约拉纳束缚态 (MBS) 是遵循非阿贝尔编织统计的空间定域零能准粒子，对容错拓扑量子计算有很大的希望。已经设计了不同的平台来实现凝聚态物质中的 MBS，包括传统超导体附近的半导体纳米线、超导体-拓扑绝缘体层状异质结构、超导表面上的一维原子链。最近，铁基超导体已成为研究马约拉纳零模式的新平台。通过扫描隧道显微镜 (STM) 在 FeTe _0.55 Se _{0.45 中}观察到在远离中心时不会分裂的涡核内的尖锐零偏峰. 这种零能量模式被分配给 MBS。在本主题综述中，我们概述了近期 STM 研究 MBS 的实验工作。我们从在 FeTe _0.55 Se _0.45的漩涡中对 MBS 的 STM 识别开始，并讨论 FeTe _0.55 Se _0.45与其他平台相比的优势。然后我们回顾了 MBS 的拓扑起源，并讨论了为什么在每个漩涡中都没有看到 MBS 的原因。我们还回顾了最近观察到的 MBS 由于其粒子 - 反粒子等效性而几乎量化的电导平台特征。最后，我们对这一领域未来的实验工作给出了展望，预计 MBS 编织的下一个重要步骤。