With the computational power and algorithmic improvements available today, the ongoing STAR/RHIC and HADES/GSI experiments, the future FAIR and NICA facilities becoming operational, and the new precise measurements from NICER and LIGO/VIRGO, the high-energy nuclear physics and astrophysics communities are in the unique position to set very stringent constraints on the equation of state of strongly interacting matter. We review the state-of-the-art of different approaches used in the description of hot and ultradense baryonic matter in and out of equilibrium, and discuss the regions in the phase diagram where heavy-ion collisions and neutron star mergers can overlap. Future perspectives are discussed to help define a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary strategy to map out the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter from heavy ion collisions to neutron stars.

随着当今可用的计算能力和算法改进、正在进行的 STAR/RHIC 和 HADES/GSI 实验、未来的 FAIR 和 NICA 设施投入运行，以及来自 NICER 和 LIGO/VIRGO、高能核物理学和天体物理学的新精确测量社区处于独特的位置，可以对强相互作用物质的状态方程设置非常严格的限制。我们回顾了用于描述处于平衡状态和脱离平衡状态的热和超密重子物质的不同方法的最新技术，并讨论相图中重离子碰撞和中子星合并可以重叠的区域。讨论了未来的观点，以帮助定义一个全面的、