The Mars Orbiter for Resources, Ices, and Environments (MORIE) was selected as one of NASA’s 2019 Planetary Mission Concept Studies. The mission builds upon recent discoveries and current knowledge gaps linked to two primary scientific questions: (1) when did elements of the cryosphere form and how are ice deposits linked to current, recent, and ancient climate, and (2) how does the crust record the evolution of surface environments and their transition through time? Addressing these questions has emerged in numerous recent reports as a high priority in investigating the evolution of Mars as a habitable world. A subsidiary goal of the mission concept is to provide information relevant to the eventual human exploration of Mars, specifically helping to locate and quantify near-surface water ice and hydrated mineral resources. The proposed instrument suite includes polarimetric synthetic aperture radar imaging, radar sounding, high-resolution visible and infrared imaging, both short-wave and thermal-infrared spectroscopy, and multichannel wide-angle imaging. MORIE would provide novel measurements of Mars expected to lead to significant new discoveries by the first radar imaging from orbit, radar sounding directly over the poles, and mineral mapping at spatial scales that will unravel geologic sequence stratigraphy through time. The final report of the mission concept provides details on the spacecraft, orbital design, technological maturity, results from systems-level integration studies, and costs. This article is intended to expand upon the science motivation for the mission, the measurement goals and objectives, and the instrument trade space that was examined in detail during the concept study.

用于资源、冰和环境的火星轨道器 (MORIE) 被选为 NASA 2019 年行星任务概念研究之一。该任务建立在与两个主要科学问题相关的最近发现和当前知识差距的基础上：(1) 冰冻圈的元素何时形成以及冰沉积如何与当前、近期和古代气候相关联，以及 (2) 地壳如何形成记录地表环境的演变及其随时间的转变？解决这些问题在最近的许多报告中都出现在调查火星作为一个宜居世界的演变过程中的高度优先事项。任务概念的一个次要目标是提供与人类最终火星探索相关的信息，特别是帮助定位和量化近地表水冰和水合矿产资源。拟议的仪器套件包括极化合成孔径雷达成像、雷达探测、高分辨率可见光和红外成像、短波和热红外光谱以及多通道广角成像。MORIE 将提供对火星的新测量，预计将通过第一次轨道雷达成像、直接在两极上空探测的雷达以及空间尺度上的矿物测绘带来重大的新发现，这将随着时间的推移解开地质序列地层。任务概念的最终报告提供了关于航天器、轨道设计、技术成熟度、系统级集成研究结果和成本的详细信息。本文旨在扩展任务的科学动机、测量目标和目的，