Several mechanisms have been proposed to account for the formation of solar prominences or filaments, among which direct injection and evaporation–condensation models are the two most popular ones. In the direct injection model, cold plasma is ejected from the chromosphere into the corona along magnetic field lines; in the evaporation–condensation model, the cold chromospheric plasma is heated to over a million degrees and is evaporated into the corona, where the accumulated plasma finally reaches thermal instability or nonequilibrium so as to condensate to cold prominences. In this paper, we try to unify the two mechanisms: The essence of filament formation is the localized heating in the chromosphere. If the heating happens in the lower chromosphere, the enhanced gas pressure pushes the cold plasma in the upper chromosphere to move up to the corona, such a process is manifested as the direct injection model. If the heating happens in the upper chromosphere, the local plasma is heated to 1–2 million degrees, and is evaporated into the corona. Later, the plasma condensates to form a prominence. Such a process is manifested as the evaporation–condensation model. With radiative hydrodynamic simulations we confirmed that the two widely accepted formation mechanisms of solar prominences can really be unified in such a single framework. A particular case is also found where both injection and evaporation–condensation processes occur together.

已经提出了几种机制来解释太阳日珥或日珥的形成，其中直接喷射和蒸发冷凝模型是两种最流行的模型。在直接喷射模型中，冷等离子体沿着磁场线从色球层喷射到日冕中；在蒸发-冷凝模型中，冷色球等离子体被加热到超过一百万度并蒸发到日冕中，在那里积累的等离子体最终达到热不稳定或非平衡状态，从而凝结成冷日珥。在本文中，我们试图统一这两种机制： 细丝形成的本质是色球中的局部加热。如果加热发生在较低的色球层，增强的气压推动色球层上部的冷等离子体向上移动到日冕，这种过程表现为直接喷射模型。如果加热发生在色球层上部，则局部等离子体被加热到 1-200 万度，并蒸发到日冕中。之后，等离子体凝结形成一个突起。这一过程表现为蒸发-冷凝模型。通过辐射流体动力学模拟，我们证实了两种被广泛接受的日珥形成机制确实可以在这样一个单一的框架中统一起来。还发现了一种特殊情况，即注入和蒸发-冷凝过程同时发生。局部等离子体被加热到 1-200 万度，然后蒸发到日冕中。之后，等离子体凝结形成一个突起。这一过程表现为蒸发-冷凝模型。通过辐射流体动力学模拟，我们证实了两种被广泛接受的日珥形成机制确实可以在这样一个单一的框架中统一起来。还发现了一种特殊情况，即注入和蒸发-冷凝过程同时发生。局部等离子体被加热到 1-200 万度，然后蒸发到日冕中。之后，等离子体凝结形成一个突起。这一过程表现为蒸发-冷凝模型。通过辐射流体动力学模拟，我们证实了两种被广泛接受的日珥形成机制确实可以在这样一个单一的框架中统一起来。还发现了一种特殊情况，即注入和蒸发-冷凝过程同时发生。