Ocean activities are rapidly expanding as Blue Economy discussions gain traction, creating new potential synergies and conflicts between sectors. To better manage ocean sectors and their development, we need to understand how they interact and the respective outcomes of these interactions. To provide a first comprehensive picture of the situation, we review 3187 articles to map and analyze interactions between economically important ocean sectors and find 93 unique direct and 61 indirect interactions, often mediated via the ocean ecosystem. Analysis of interaction outcomes reveals that some sectors coexist synergistically (e.g. renewable energy, tourism), but many interactions are antagonistic, and negative effects on other sectors are often incurred via degradation of marine ecosystems. The analysis also shows that ocean ecosystems are fundamental for supporting many ocean sectors, yet 13 out of 14 ocean sectors have interactions resulting in unidirectional negative ecosystem impact. Fishing, drilling, and shipping are hubs in the network of ocean sector interactions, and are involved in many of the antagonistic interactions. Antagonistic interactions signal trade-offs between sectors. Qualitative analysis of the literature shows that these tradeoffs relate to the cumulative nature of many ecosystem impacts incurred by some sectors, and the differential power of ocean sectors to exert their rights or demands in the development of the ocean domain. There are also often time lags in how impacts manifest. The ocean governance landscape is not currently well-equipped to deal with the full range of trade-offs, and opportunities, likely to arise in the pursuit of a Blue Economy in a rapidly changing ocean context. Based on our analysis, we therefore propose a set principles that can begin to guide strategic decision-making, by identifying both tradeoffs and opportunities for sustainable and equitable development of ocean sectors.

随着蓝色经济讨论越来越受到关注，海洋活动正在迅速扩大，在部门之间产生新的潜在协同作用和冲突。为了更好地管理海洋部门及其发展，我们需要了解它们如何相互作用以及这些相互作用的各自结果。为了首先全面了解情况，我们回顾了 3187 篇文章，以绘制和分析具有重要经济意义的海洋部门之间的相互作用，并发现 93 种独特的直接相互作用和 61 种间接相互作用，通常通过海洋生态系统进行调解。对相互作用结果的分析表明，一些部门协同共存（例如可再生能源、旅游业），但许多相互作用是对立的，并且往往通过海洋生态系统的退化对其他部门产生负面影响。分析还表明，海洋生态系统是支持许多海洋部门的基础，但 14 个海洋部门中有 13 个存在相互作用，导致对生态系统产生单向负面影响。渔业、钻探和航运是海洋部门互动网络中的枢纽，并参与了许多对抗性互动。对抗性相互作用标志着部门之间的权衡。对文献的定性分析表明，这些权衡与某些部门产生的许多生态系统影响的累积性质有关，以及海洋部门在海洋领域的发展中行使权利或需求的不同权力。影响的表现方式也经常存在时间滞后。海洋治理格局目前还不足以应对各种权衡取舍和机遇，在快速变化的海洋环境中追求蓝色经济时可能会出现。因此，根据我们的分析，我们提出了一套原则，通过确定海洋部门可持续和公平发展的权衡和机会，可以开始指导战略决策。