ABSTRACT

The Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is mandated to lead in the sustainable management of the country’s natural resources. The continuous migration in forest and forest lands (FFL) and succeeding forest cover loss resulted in tenure reforms, with bundles of rights devolved to communities. Bundle of rights refers to a specific set of privilege granted to an individual or group of people, to do certain things with land or property. It includes access, use, management, exclusion and alienation rights. This study documented the migration trend and mode of land acquisition, extent of individual/collective rights, impact of secure tenure on livelihood and forest conservation, and how property rights in Community-Based Forest Management (CBFM) areas improved. Migration happened in three important periods, with migrants wanting to secure better livelihood. The issuance of tenure instruments legitimized claims, allowed tenure holders to use, manage, and exclude others from accessing and using resources. While the ‘bundle of rights’ is within the terms and conditions of the DENR, the tenure reform is still a better option than any other programs implemented in the past. Lessons learned may be used as basis in further improving the provisions of the CBFM program in the future.

摘要

环境与自然资源部 (DENR) 的任务是领导该国自然资源的可持续管理。森林和林地 (FFL) 的持续迁移以及随之而来的森林覆盖丧失导致了权属改革，一揽子权利下放给社区。一揽子权利是指授予个人或一群人的一组特定特权，可以用土地或财产做某些事情。它包括访问权、使用权、管理权、排除权和转让权。本研究记录了土地征用的迁移趋势和模式、个人/集体权利的范围、安全使用权对生计和森林保护的影响，以及社区森林管理 (CBFM) 地区的产权如何改善。迁移发生在三个重要时期，移民希望获得更好的生计。权属文书的发行使权利主张合法化，允许权属持有人使用、管理和排除他人访问和使用资源。虽然“一揽子权利”在 DENR 的条款和条件范围内，但权属改革仍然是比过去实施的任何其他计划更好的选择。吸取的经验教训可作为未来进一步改进 CBFM 计划规定的基础。