Source identification and risk assessment of heavy metals are ongoing hot topics in current research, but few studies have been performed on the linkage mechanism between them. In the past, the amount of heavy metals discharged was the identification criterion for high-risk source but failed to consider different toxicity of heavy metals in the risk level of each pollution source. Therefore, it is impossible to accurately determine high-risk pollution source. For this situation, this study introduced a risk assessment model based on the source apportionment model, which can quantitatively analyze the source-based risk. Meanwhile, pollution assessment indexes and a risk assessment model were applied to evaluate the levels of pollution and risk of heavy metals, showing that lead (Pb) caused relatively serious pollution and arsenic (As) generated the highest ecological risk and noncarcinogenic risk. Positive matrix factorization (PMF) model identified and quantified the sources of heavy metals (coal-related activities source, mixed source of mining and traffic emissions, industrial activity source, agricultural source related to the application of agrochemicals) with the corresponding contributions of 42, 30, 26, and 2%, respectively. Then PMF was combined with potential ecological risk index and human health risk assessment model to quantify the risk from pollution sources, indicating that the coal-related activities source was the largest pollution source (31–36%) that caused human health risks, while the mixed source of mining and transportation emissions posed the greatest threat (29%) to the ecosystem health. Therefore, both sources should be identified as the priority pollution sources.

中文翻译：

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一种量化绿洲农田土壤中重金属对生态和人类健康风险的来源贡献的联合方法

重金属的来源识别和风险评估是当前研究的热点，但对它们之间的联动机制的研究较少。过去，重金属排放量是高风险源的识别标准，但在每个污染源的风险等级中没有考虑重金属的不同毒性。因此，无法准确判断高危污染源。针对这种情况，本研究引入了一种基于源解析模型的风险评估模型，可以对源基风险进行定量分析。同时应用污染评价指标和风险评价模型评价重金属污染水平和风险，表明铅 (Pb) 造成相对严重的污染，砷 (As) 产生最高的生态风险和非致癌风险。正矩阵分解（PMF）模型识别并量化了重金属的来源（与煤炭相关的活动源、采矿和交通排放的混合源、工业活动源、与农药应用相关的农业源），相应的贡献为 42，分别为 30、26 和 2%。然后PMF结合潜在生态风险指数和人类健康风险评估模型量化污染源的风险，表明与煤炭有关的活动源是造成人类健康风险的最大污染源（31-36%），而采矿和交通排放的混合来源对生态系统健康构成了最大的威胁（29%）。因此，这两种污染源都应被确定为优先污染源。