Small to medium sized business enterprises (SMEs) generally thrive because they have successfully done something unique within a niche market. For this reason, SMEs may seek to protect their competitive advantage by avoiding any standardization encouraged by the use of packaged software (PS). Packaged software implementation at SMEs therefore presents challenges relating to how best to respond to misfits between the functionality offered by the packaged software and each SME's business needs. An important question relates to which processes small software enterprises - or Small to Medium-Sized Software Development Companies (SMSSDCs) - apply in order to identify and then deal with these misfits. To explore the processes of packaged software (PS) implementation, an ethnographic study was conducted to gain in-depth insights into the roles played by analysts in two SMSSDCs. The purpose of the study was to understand PS implementation in terms of requirements engineering (or 'PSIRE'). Data collected during the ethnographic study were analyzed using an inductive approach. Based on our analysis of the cases we constructed a theoretical model explaining the requirements engineering process for PS implementation, and named it the PSIRE Parallel Star Model. The Parallel Star Model shows that during PSIRE, more than one RE process can be carried out at the same time. The Parallel Star Model has few constraints, because not only can processes be carried out in parallel, but they do not always have to be followed in a particular order. This paper therefore offers a novel investigation and explanation of RE practices for packaged software implementation, approaching the phenomenon from the viewpoint of the analysts, and offers the first extensive study of packaged software implementation RE (PSIRE) in SMSSDCs.

中文翻译：

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小型软件企业打包软件实现需求工程

中小型企业 (SME) 通常会蓬勃发展，因为它们在利基市场中成功地做了一些独特的事情。出于这个原因，中小企业可能会通过避免使用打包软件 (PS) 所鼓励的任何标准化来寻求保护其竞争优势。因此，中小企业的打包软件实施提出了与如何最好地应对打包软件提供的功能与每个中小企业的业务需求之间的不匹配的挑战。一个重要的问题涉及小型软件企业或中小型软件开发公司 (SMSSDC) 应用哪些流程来识别并处理这些不合适的流程。探索打包软件 (PS) 实施的过程，进行了一项民族志研究，以深入了解分析师在两个 SMSSDC 中所扮演的角色。该研究的目的是从需求工程（或“PSIRE”）的角度理解 PS 的实现。使用归纳法分析在人种学研究期间收集的数据。基于我们对案例的分析，我们构建了一个理论模型来解释 PS 实现的需求工程过程，并将其命名为 PSIRE 并行星模型。Parallel Star Model 表明，在 PSIRE 期间，可以同时进行多个 RE 过程。并行星型模型几乎没有限制，因为不仅过程可以并行执行，而且它们并不总是必须按照特定的顺序进行。