Removal of toxic metal ions using adsorbents is a well-known strategy for water treatment. While chitosan and cellulose can adsorb weakly some types of metals, incorporating thiols as metal chelating agents can improve their sorption behaviors significantly. Presented in this review are the various chemical modification strategies applicable for thiolation of chitosan and cellulose in the forms of mercaptans, xanthates and dithiocarbamates. Moreover, much attention has been paid to the specific strategies for controlling the thiolation degree and characterization approaches for establishing the structure-property relationship. Also, the kinetics and isotherm models that elucidate the adsorption processes and mechanisms induced by the thiomers have been explained. These thiomers have found great potentials in the applications associated with metal removal, metal recovery and metal detection.

中文翻译：

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壳聚糖和纤维素的硫聚体：用于检测、去除和回收水介质中金属离子的有效生物吸附剂

使用吸附剂去除有毒金属离子是众所周知的水处理策略。虽然壳聚糖和纤维素可以弱吸附某些类型的金属，但将硫醇作为金属螯合剂可以显着改善它们的吸附行为。本综述介绍了适用于硫醇、黄原酸酯和二硫代氨基甲酸酯形式的壳聚糖和纤维素硫醇化的各种化学改性策略。此外，控制硫醇化度的具体策略和建立结构-性质关系的表征方法也受到了很多关注。此外，阐明了硫聚体诱导的吸附过程和机制的动力学和等温线模型也得到了解释。