Nature-based solutions (NBS), understood as actions that use ecosystem processes to address societal needs, can play important roles to future-proof river landscape development for people and nature. However, knowledge gaps exist how NBS can be planned and implemented at landscape scales. This Special Issue brings together insights and experiences from studies of assessing, planning, and implementing NBS in river landscapes in Europe and beyond. It addresses three research fields: (i) NBS effects, looking at the effectiveness of NBS to achieve ecological, social, and/or economic outcomes, (ii) NBS planning, focusing on approaches for planning and designing NBS, and (iii) NBS governance, relating to governance and business models for implementation. The twelve contributions deliver evidence on how NBS outperform conventional, rather technical solutions, provide guidance and tools to operationalize the NBS concept into practice, and showcase successful governance models of NBS in different contexts. The editorial ends with an outlook on further research needs.

基于自然的解决方案（NBS）被理解为利用生态系统过程来满足社会需求的行动，可以在面向未来的人类和自然河流景观开发中发挥重要作用。然而，如何在景观尺度上规划和实施 NBS 仍存在知识差距。本期特刊汇集了欧洲及其他地区河流景观评估、规划和实施 NBS 的研究的见解和经验。它涉及三个研究领域：(i) NBS 效应，着眼于 NBS 实现生态、社会和/或经济成果的有效性，(ii) NBS 规划，重点关注规划和设计 NBS 的方法，以及 (iii) NBS治理，与实施的治理和业务模型有关。这十二份贡献提供了关于 NBS 如何超越传统而非技术解决方案的证据，提供了将 NBS 概念付诸实践的指导和工具，并展示了 NBS 在不同背景下的成功治理模型。社论最后展望了进一步的研究需求。