Before the investigation of some prevalent and operational level variables, such as road's physical characteristics, considering the macroscale factors may be more effective in preventing traffic crashes. This study focuses on the effect of rail transport on traffic fatalities. In this research, an fully modified ordinary least squares estimator, pooled OLS and negative binomial models were used to estimate the relationship between road fatalities and passenger-km carried by railways as the main independent variable. Some control variables such as gasoline price, alcohol consumption, air passengers and GDP were imported in estimations in two steps to improve the results. To this end panel data of 31 Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) during 2000–2016 has been used. The estimation results revealed that the increase in rail passenger-km leads to a reduction in road fatalities in OECD countries. According to these outputs, developing railways and shifting from road to rail transport, as a safe transportation mode, can decrease road fatalities.

在调查一些普遍的和运营层面的变量之前，比如道路的物理特性，考虑宏观因素可能更有效地预防交通事故。本研究侧重于铁路运输对交通死亡人数的影响。本研究以完全修正的普通最小二乘估计量、合并OLS和负二项式模型为主要自变量估计道路死亡人数与铁路客运公里数之间的关系。一些控制变量如汽油价格、酒精消费量、航空旅客和 GDP 分两步导入估计以改进结果。为此，使用了 31 经济合作与发展组织 (OECD) 2000-2016 年的面板数据。估算结果显示，铁路客运公里数的增加导致经合组织国家道路死亡人数的减少。根据这些产出，发展铁路并从公路运输转向铁路运输，作为一种安全的运输方式，可以减少道路死亡人数。