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A rare case of IgE kappa monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance identified in a Swedish female
Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation ( IF 1.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-06-07 , DOI: 10.1080/00365513.2021.1929443
Marcus Fager Ferrari 1 , Konstantinos Lemonakis 1 , Magnus Förnvik Jonsson 2
Affiliation  

Abstract

Monoclonal gammopathies involving immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a very rare phenomenon, with less than 70 cases being previously described in the literature. The IgE monoclonal gammopathies include malignant plasma cell disorders such as IgE multiple myeloma (MM), as well as the associated premalignant condition IgE monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). We report a case of a 41-year-old woman presenting with an IgE kappa monoclonal protein following routine laboratory testing. Serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) initially showed a monoclonal protein in the beta-2 fraction, at an estimated concentration of <4 g/L. Subsequent serum immunofixation electrophoresis (SIFE) including antisera to Ig heavy chains delta and epsilon confirmed the presence of an IgE kappa monoclonal protein. Analysis of serum free light chains (FLCs) showed increased levels of kappa FLC, resulting in an abnormally elevated kappa/lambda FLC ratio. No Bence–Jones proteinuria was present. Bone marrow aspiration showed 6% plasma cells, and no sign of myeloma-associated end-organ damage was evident. Consequently, the patient was diagnosed with IgE kappa MGUS. In the present report, the clinical characteristics of the patient are compared to previous descriptions of IgE monoclonal gammopathy. The report further emphasizes the importance of considering the presence of monoclonal IgD or IgE when SIFE shows a clear band positive for a light chain but is negative for Ig heavy chains gamma, alpha and mu.



中文翻译:

在瑞典女性中发现一例意义不明的罕见 IgE kappa 单克隆丙种球蛋白病

摘要

涉及免疫球蛋白 E (IgE) 的单克隆丙种球蛋白病是一种非常罕见的现象,文献中先前描述的病例不到 70 例。IgE 单克隆丙种球蛋白病包括恶性浆细胞疾病,例如 IgE 多发性骨髓瘤 (MM),以及相关的癌前病变 IgE 单克隆丙种球蛋白病(MGUS)。我们报告了一名 41 岁女性在常规实验室检测后出现 IgE kappa 单克隆蛋白的病例。血清蛋白电泳 (SPEP) 最初显示 β-2 部分中存在单克隆蛋白,估计浓度为 <4 g/L。随后的血清免疫固定电泳 (SIFE) 包括针对 Ig 重链 delta 和 epsilon 的抗血清证实了 IgE kappa 单克隆蛋白的存在。血清游离轻链 (FLC) 分析显示 kappa FLC 水平升高,导致 kappa/lambda FLC 比率异常升高。不存在 Bence-Jones 蛋白尿。骨髓抽吸显示 6% 的浆细胞,没有明显的骨髓瘤相关终末器官损伤的迹象。因此,该患者被诊断为 IgE kappa MGUS。在本报告中,将患者的临床特征与之前对 IgE 单克隆丙种球蛋白病的描述进行了比较。该报告进一步强调了当 SIFE 显示一条清晰的轻链阳性但 Ig 重链 γ、α 和 mu 阴性时,考虑存在单克隆 IgD 或 IgE 的重要性。骨髓抽吸显示 6% 的浆细胞,没有明显的骨髓瘤相关终末器官损伤的迹象。因此,该患者被诊断为 IgE kappa MGUS。在本报告中,将患者的临床特征与之前对 IgE 单克隆丙种球蛋白病的描述进行了比较。该报告进一步强调了当 SIFE 显示一条清晰的轻链阳性但 Ig 重链 γ、α 和 mu 阴性时,考虑存在单克隆 IgD 或 IgE 的重要性。骨髓抽吸显示 6% 的浆细胞,没有明显的骨髓瘤相关终末器官损伤的迹象。因此,该患者被诊断为 IgE kappa MGUS。在本报告中,将患者的临床特征与之前对 IgE 单克隆丙种球蛋白病的描述进行了比较。该报告进一步强调了当 SIFE 显示一条清晰的轻链阳性但 Ig 重链 γ、α 和 mu 阴性时,考虑存在单克隆 IgD 或 IgE 的重要性。

更新日期:2021-06-07
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