ABSTRACT

Assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures for reducing contaminant losses to water from pastoral farming systems is a challenging task. Two important factors that contribute to this challenge are (i) the considerable spatial variability in landscape vulnerabilities to contaminant loss and (ii) differing land use pressures created by contrasting land management practices that are employed on farms. An approach is described that benchmarks nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and sediment discharges for representative dairy and sheep-beef farming types (hereafter referred to as ‘typologies’) that differ according to inherent landscape vulnerability features or land use pressures created by some key management practices. Landscape vulnerabilities can be defined as the soil, topography and climate factors that are known to influence the inherent risk of contaminant transport to water, whereas land use pressures reflect the diverse set of farm inputs and feed, stock and soil management practices that determine contaminant sources. The analysis was constructed using land use pressure information for the year 2015 contained within Dairybase records held by DairyNZ and farm class surveys reported by Beef + Lamb NZ. Published information sources and expert opinion from rural professionals were also used to define land use pressures for typologies in 1995.

摘要

评估缓解措施的有效性，以减少畜牧业系统对水的污染损失，这是一项具有挑战性的任务。导致这一挑战的两个重要因素是 (i) 景观对污染物损失的脆弱性存在相当大的空间变异性，以及 (ii) 由农场采用的不同土地管理实践造成的不同土地利用压力。描述了一种方法，该方法对代表性奶牛和绵羊牛肉养殖类型（以下称为“类型”）的氮 (N)、磷 (P) 和沉积物排放进行基准测试，这些类型根据固有的景观脆弱性特征或土地利用压力产生的不同而不同。一些关键的管理实践。景观脆弱性可以定义为土壤、已知地形和气候因素会影响污染物向水中迁移的内在风险，而土地使用压力反映了确定污染物来源的各种农场投入和饲料、牲畜和土壤管理做法。该分析是使用 DairyNZ 持有的 Dairybase 记录中包含的 2015 年土地利用压力信息以及 Beef + Lamb NZ 报告的农场等级调查构建的。1995 年，农村专业人士发表的信息来源和专家意见也被用来定义土地使用压力的类型。该分析是使用 DairyNZ 持有的 Dairybase 记录中包含的 2015 年土地利用压力信息以及 Beef + Lamb NZ 报告的农场等级调查构建的。1995 年，农村专业人士发表的信息来源和专家意见也被用来定义土地使用压力的类型。该分析是使用 DairyNZ 持有的 Dairybase 记录中包含的 2015 年土地利用压力信息以及 Beef + Lamb NZ 报告的农场等级调查构建的。1995 年，农村专业人士发表的信息来源和专家意见也被用来定义土地使用压力的类型。