Abstract

The effect of high-power pulsed fluxes of deuterium ions and deuterium plasma generated in the Plasma Focus PF-1000U device on oxide dispersion strengthened ferritic steel KP4-ODS (Fe–15 Cr–4 Al–2 W–0.35 Y₂O₃) was experimentally studied. When the samples were irradiated with two pulses (N = 2), the plasma flux power density was q_pl ≈ 10⁸ W/cm² and that of ion beam q_i × 10⁹ W/cm². At N = 9, q_pl ≈ 2 ×10⁸ W/cm² and q_i ≈ 5 × 10⁹ W/cm². The pulse duration of the plasma beams was τ_pl ≈ 100 ns and that of the ion beams τ_i ≈ 50 ns. It was shown that irradiation of the material in the soft mode (N = 2) leads to surface erosion due to evaporation of the material and is accompanied by the surface polishing effect. In this case, there is no significant change in the initial structural phase state of steel; only a small change in the crystal lattice parameters of solid solutions based on iron and chromium is observed. In the hard irradiation mode (N = 9), owing to the high heating of the surface layer, in addition to erosion, the material melts. In the structure of the surface layer of the ODS steel, a chromium-based solid solution disappears and only an iron-based solid solution remains, while the number of second-phase nanoparticles increases. The presence of a liquid phase formed upon exposure to fluxes of deuterium ions and deuterium plasma stimulates the possibility of complete dissolution of small (less than ~20 nm) nanoparticles of Y₂O₃ oxide and partial dissolution of larger (tens of nanometers) nanoparticles. Enhanced in comparison with the solid phase, the diffusion redistribution of elements in the molten surface layer contributes to the formation of Y₂O₃ nanoparticles and oxides of other elements that make up the ODS steel (Al₂O₃, Y–Al–O) upon cooling of the melt.

中文翻译：

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氘离子和氘等离子体脉冲通量对氧化物弥散强化铁素体钢的影响

摘要

Plasma Focus PF-1000U 设备中产生的氘离子和氘等离子体的高功率脉冲通量对氧化物弥散强化铁素体钢 KP4-ODS (Fe-15 Cr-4 Al-2 W-0.35 Y ₂ O ₃ ) 的影响进行了实验研究。当样品用两个脉冲（N = 2）照射时，等离子体通量功率密度为q _pl ≈ 10 ⁸ W/cm ²，离子束通量功率密度q _i × 10 ⁹ W/cm ²。在N = 9 时，q _pl ≈ 2 ×10 ⁸ W/cm ²且q _i ≈ 5 × 10⁹瓦/厘米²。等离子体束的脉冲持续时间为 τ _pl ≈ 100 ns，离子束的脉冲持续时间τ _i ≈ 50 ns。结果表明，在软模式（N = 2）下对材料进行辐照会导致材料蒸发导致表面腐蚀，并伴有表面抛光效果。在这种情况下，钢的初始组织相状态没有明显变化；仅观察到基于铁和铬的固溶体的晶格参数的微小变化。在硬照射模式（N= 9)，由于表层受热高，除侵蚀外，材料熔化。在ODS钢的表层结构中，铬基固溶体消失，只剩下铁基固溶体，而第二相纳米颗粒的数量增加。暴露于氘离子和氘等离子体流时形成的液相的存在刺激了 Y ₂ O ₃氧化物的小（小于约 20 nm）纳米颗粒完全溶解和较大（数十纳米）纳米颗粒部分溶解的可能性. 与固相相比增强，元素在熔融表面层中的扩散重新分布有助于形成 Y ₂ O ₃熔体冷却后，组成 ODS 钢（Al ₂ O ₃，Y-Al-O）的其他元素的纳米颗粒和氧化物。