Abstract

The paper shows the possibility and prospects of using the electroflotation method for extracting a spent carbon sorbent by way of example of an activated carbon of the MeKS-O brand from aqueous solutions. It is found based on the conducted research that the electroflotation method makes it possible to extract granular activated carbon already after 10 min of processing. At the same time, methods such as sedimentation and filtration used for this purpose require a longer time and frequent replacement of the filter material. Data on the effect of organic (surfactants, flocculants) and inorganic (a FeCl₃ coagulant) additives on the efficiency of the process are obtained. It is found that the introduction of surfactants of various natures as well as a C-496 cationic flocculant and an N-300 nonionic flocculant into the solution suppresses the process of extraction of activated carbon. At the same time, an M-345 anionic flocculant promotes an increase in the degree of extraction of carbon up to 53%. The electroflotation process proceeds more efficiently in a solution containing Fe³⁺ ions; here, the degree of extraction of the sorbent increases up to 83% at pH 4 within 10 min of processing. Studies on the combined effect of the organic additives and a coagulant are also conducted. A composition based on iron chloride and anionic surfactants is selected, the use of which significantly increases the degree of extraction of the carbon sorbent as well as expands the range of extractable concentrations of the latter up to 600 mg/dm³. Studies on the effect of background salts, NaCl and Na₂-SO₄, on the efficiency of the process are conducted in this work, and it is found that the degree of extraction of activated carbon has higher values in solutions containing a chloride ion. At the same time, electroflotation is substantially suppressed in salt systems containing 50 g/dm³ NaCl. An important parameter in the processes of electroflotation extraction is the current density. It is found that the maximum value of the degree of extraction of carbon is observed at the volume current density of 0.4 A/dm³.

中文翻译：

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用电浮选法从有机和无机化合物存在的水溶液中提取活性炭

摘要

该论文以 MeKS-O 牌活性炭为例，展示了使用电浮选法从水溶液中提取废碳吸附剂的可能性和前景。根据进行的研究发现，电浮选法可以在处理 10 分钟后提取颗粒活性炭。同时，为此使用的沉淀和过滤等方法需要更长的时间和频繁更换过滤材料。有机（表面活性剂、絮凝剂）和无机（FeCl ₃凝结剂）添加剂对工艺效率的影响。发现在溶液中引入各种性质的表面活性剂以及C-496阳离子絮凝剂和N-300非离子絮凝剂抑制了活性炭的提取过程。同时，一种M-345阴离子絮凝剂促进碳的提取度提高高达53%。电浮选过程在含有 Fe ³⁺的溶液中更有效地进行离子；在这里，在处理后 10 分钟内，在 pH 值为 4 的情况下，吸附剂的提取程度增加到 83%。还对有机添加剂和混凝剂的组合效果进行了研究。选择基于氯化铁和阴离子表面活性剂的组合物，其使用显着提高了碳吸附剂的提取程度，并将后者的可提取浓度范围扩大至高达600mg/dm ³。背景盐、NaCl 和 Na ₂ -SO _{4 影响的研究}, 在这项工作中对该过程的效率进行了研究，发现活性炭的萃取度在含有氯离子的溶液中具有更高的值。同时，在含有 50 g/dm ³ NaCl 的盐系统中，电浮选受到显着抑制。电浮提取过程中的一个重要参数是电流密度。发现在0.4A/dm ³的体积电流密度下观察到碳提取度的最大值。