Recent developments in geoanalytics have led to the rapidly increasing potential of sedimentary provenance analysis in paleogeographic reconstructions. Here we combine standard methods (petrography, zircon U-Pb geochronology, optical heavy-mineral identification) with modern techniques such as automated Raman-spectroscopic identification of heavy minerals and detrital apatite and titanite U-Pb geochronology. The resulting multi-parameter dataset enables the reconstruction of tectonic and paleogeographic environments to an as-yet unprecedented accuracy in space and time. The Paleogene siliciclastic formations of our study area, the Transylvanian Basin, represent an intensely changing sedimentary environment comprising three transgressive–regressive cycles on a simultaneously moving and rotating tectonic plate. We identified six major source components of the Paleogene sediments and outlined the paleo-drainage patterns for the three cycles, respectively. According to our data these components include: 1) pre-Variscan basement units of the nappes, 2) Variscan granitoids, 3) Permo-Triassic felsic volcanic rocks, 4) Jurassic ophiolites, 5) Upper Cretaceous granodiorites, and 6) Priabonian to Rupelian (37–30 Ma) intermediate magmatites, the latter representing newly recognized formations in the region. Abrupt paleographic changes can be directly deduced from the obtained dataset. The first phase of the Paleogene siliciclastic sequence is composed of mostly Southern Carpathian–derived sediments, to which Jurassic ophiolite detritus of the Apuseni Mts. was added during the second phase, while the siliciclastic material of the third phase represents mainly recycled material from the second phase. According to the detected diagnostic heavy-mineral associations, U-Pb age components and the positions of the potential source areas a set of provenance maps are presented.

中文翻译：

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多参数古近纪起源数据集的古地理意义（特兰西瓦尼亚盆地，罗马尼亚）

地质分析的最新发展导致沉积物源分析在古地理重建中的潜力迅速增加。在这里，我们将标准方法（岩相学、锆石 U-Pb 年代学、光学重矿物鉴定）与现代技术相结合，例如自动拉曼光谱鉴定重矿物和碎屑磷灰石和钛石 U-Pb 年代学。由此产生的多参数数据集能够将构造和古地理环境重建到前所未有的空间和时间精度。我们研究区特兰西瓦尼亚盆地的古近系硅质碎屑岩地层代表了一个剧烈变化的沉积环境，包括在同时移动和旋转的构造板块上的三个海进-海退旋回。我们确定了古近系沉积物的六个主要来源成分，并分别勾勒出三个旋回的古排水模式。根据我们的数据，这些组成部分包括：1) 推覆岩的前瓦里斯坎基底单元，2) 瓦​​里斯坎花岗岩，3) 二叠纪-三叠纪长英质火山岩，4) 侏罗纪蛇绿岩，5) 上白垩纪花岗闪长岩，和 6) 普里阿波尼纪到鲁佩勒纪(37-30 Ma) 中间岩浆岩，后者代表该地区新发现的地层。从获得的数据集可以直接推断出突然的古地貌变化。古近纪硅质碎屑层序的第一阶段主要由南喀尔巴阡山脉衍生的沉积物组成，Apuseni Mts 的侏罗纪蛇绿岩碎屑构成了这些沉积物。在第二阶段添加，而第三阶段的硅质碎屑材料主要代表来自第二阶段的回收材料。根据检测到的诊断重矿物关联、U-Pb年龄成分和潜在源区的位置，给出了一套物源图。