Campesinos are the most numerous hunters in Latin America. Yet, local and traditional knowledge (LTK) among campesinos about hunting is often invisible to conservationists who perceive them as nonindigenous or illegal hunters. Moreover, research and methods for accessing campesino hunting LTK are limited in theory and practice. Conservationists therefore know little about campesinos’ cultural understandings of hunting. We assessed the LTK of Nicaraguan campesinos to determine whether they shared cultural hunting knowledge. Through 11 months of ethnographic fieldwork, an ethnoecology framework, and cultural consensus analysis, we found that campesino hunting LTK was shared across the study community. This knowledge extended from a worldview that emphasized subsistence and hunting secrets to ensure bountiful harvests, expressed through folk taxonomies, hunting strategies, campesino-dog relationships, and preparation of hunted animals. Campesino hunting LTK emerged from campesino culture, yielding numerous implications for conservation in Latin America.

农民是拉丁美洲人数最多的猎人。然而，农民们关于狩猎的当地和传统知识 (LTK) 往往被保护主义者所忽视，他们认为他们是非土著或非法猎人。此外，获取野餐狩猎 LTK 的研究和方法在理论和实践上都是有限的。因此，环保主义者对农民对狩猎的文化理解知之甚少。我们评估了尼加拉瓜农民的 LTK，以确定他们是否共享文化狩猎知识。通过 11 个月的民族志实地考察、民族生态学框架和文化共识分析，我们发现整个研究社区都分享了野餐狩猎 LTK。这种知识源自强调生存和狩猎秘密以确保丰收的世界观，通过民间分类法表达，狩猎策略、野犬与狗的关系以及被猎物的准备。Campesino 狩猎 LTK 起源于 Campesino 文化，对拉丁美洲的保护产生了许多影响。