Over the past decades, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar, Salmonidae) has emerged as a model system for sexual maturation research, owing to the high diversity of life history strategies, knowledge of trait genetic architecture, and their high economic value. The aim of this synthesis is to summarize the current state of knowledge concerning maturation in Atlantic salmon, outline knowledge gaps, and provide a roadmap for future work. We summarize the current state of knowledge: 1) maturation in Atlantic salmon takes place over the entire life cycle, starting as early as embryo development, 2) variation in the timing of maturation promotes diversity in life history strategies, 3) ecological and genetic factors influence maturation, 4) maturation processes are sex-specific and may have fitness consequences for each sex, 5) genomic studies have identified large-effect loci that influence maturation, 6) the brain-pituitary–gonadal axis regulates molecular and physiological processes of maturation, 7) maturation is a key component of fisheries, aquaculture, conservation, and management, and 8) climate change, fishing pressure, and other anthropogenic stressors likely have major effects on salmon maturation. In the future, maturation research should focus on a broader diversity of life history stages, including early embryonic development, the marine phase and return migration. We recommend studies combining ecological and genetic approaches will help disentangle the relative contributions of effects in different life history stages to maturation. Functional validation of large-effect loci should reveal how these genes influence maturation. Finally, continued research in maturation will improve our predictions concerning how salmon may adapt to fisheries, climate change, and other future challenges.

在过去的几十年里，大西洋鲑鱼 ( Salmo salar,Salmonidae) 已成为性成熟研究的模型系统，这是由于生活史策略的高度多样性、性状遗传结构的知识及其高经济价值。本综述的目的是总结关于大西洋鲑鱼成熟的当前知识状态，概述知识差距，并为未来的工作提供路线图。我们总结了当前的知识状态：1) 大西洋鲑鱼的成熟发生在整个生命周期中，早在胚胎发育时就开始，2) 成熟时间的变化促进了生活史策略的多样性，3) 生态和遗传因素影响成熟，4) 成熟过程是性别特异性的，可能对每个性别都有健康影响，5) 基因组研究已经确定了影响成熟的大效应位点，6) 脑-垂体-性腺轴调节成熟的分子和生理过程，7) 成熟是渔业、水产养殖、保护和管理的关键组成部分，以及 8) 气候变化、捕鱼压力和其他人为压力因素可能具有重大意义对鲑鱼成熟的影响。未来，成熟研究应侧重于更广泛多样的生命史阶段，包括早期胚胎发育、海洋阶段和回迁。我们建议结合生态和遗传方法的研究将有助于理清不同生活史阶段对成熟的影响的相对贡献。大效应位点的功能验证应该揭示这些基因如何影响成熟。最后，