Fear of crime (FOC) among women has recently drawn a lot of attention from experts in different fields. As a construct, it involves individual, social, and physical aspects. Yet, there is a paucity of research on women's FOC in residential complexes focusing on demographic characteristics, social connections, and the indicators of open space simultaneously. Thus, the present study aimed to fill the gap in this area. In this regard, different theoretical and empirical aspects of the issue were reviewed, based on which a conceptual model was developed. The data were collected using a researcher-developed questionnaire consisted of three main constructs, namely FOC, social connections, and open space. Of female residents in residential complexes in Mashhad, Iran, 198 were selected as samples of the study. The hypothesized model was assessed using SmartPLS and structural equation modeling. The results indicated the effect of social connections on FOC, and the mediating relationship between open space and FOC through social connections. The research also provides fresh insights into the effects of demographic variables and cultural differences on FOC.

女性的犯罪恐惧（FOC）最近引起了不同领域专家的广泛关注。作为一种建构，它涉及个人、社会和身体方面。然而，很少有关于住宅区女性 FOC 的研究同时关注人口特征、社会关系和开放空间指标。因此，本研究旨在填补这一领域的空白。在这方面，审查了该问题的不同理论和经验方面，并在此基础上开发了一个概念模型。数据是使用研究人员开发的问卷收集的，问卷由三个主要结构组成，即 FOC、社会联系和开放空间。在伊朗马什哈德住宅区的女性居民中，有 198 人被选为研究样本。假设模型使用 SmartPLS 和结构方程模型进行评估。结果表明社会联系对FOC的影响，以及通过社会联系在开放空间和FOC之间的中介关系。该研究还提供了关于人口变量和文化差异对 FOC 的影响的新见解。