Recent agricultural expansion into regions of the Brazilian savannah or Cerrado has improved agricultural knowledge and management practices. Under this biome’s favorable conditions, the incidence of diseases such as gummy stem blight (GSB) could be a limiting factor for some crops (i.e., Cucumis melo L.), due to high losses in productivity and fruit quality. We conducted field experiments to assess the temporal progression of the incidence and severity of GSB disease in melon plants under five pesticide treatments and three growing seasons (dry, rainy, and transition periods). Furthermore, the susceptibility of six cultivars of melon to GSB was evaluated with and without pesticide application. In the dry season, although the incidence of the disease was high and dependent on the applied pesticides, its severity was low, allowing the crop cycle to be completed and marketable fruits to be harvested. However, in the rainy and transition periods, the high incidence and severity of the disease recorded in all plants, independent of the pesticides used, resulted in a premature end to the growth of the melon crops. Moreover, the commonly cultivated cultivar (Eldorado 300) showed a higher incidence and severity of the disease than the other potential cultivars. The results suggest that melon crops should be grown exclusively under the Brazilian Cerrado conditions during the dry season, dominated by favorable climatic conditions for the melon and unfavorable conditions to the pathogen. Other cultivars need to be investigated for their suitability to this region.

最近向巴西大草原或塞拉多地区的农业扩张提高了农业知识和管理实践。在该生物群落的有利条件下，诸如小茎枯萎病 (GSB) 等病害的发生可能是某些作物（即，甜瓜）的限制因素。L.)，由于生产力和水果质量的高损失。我们进行了田间试验，以评估在五种农药处理和三个生长季节（旱季、雨季和过渡期）下甜瓜植物 GSB 病害发生率和严重程度的时间进程。此外，在施用和不施用农药的情况下，评估了六个甜瓜品种对 GSB 的敏感性。在旱季，虽然该病的发病率高且依赖于施用的农药，但其严重程度较低，可以完成作物周期并收获适销对路的水果。然而，在雨季和过渡期，所有植物中记录的高发病率和严重程度，与使用的农药无关，导致瓜类作物的生长过早结束。而且，常见栽培品种（Eldorado 300）的发病率和严重程度高于其他潜在品种。结果表明，甜瓜作物应在旱季完全在巴西塞拉多条件下种植，主要是对甜瓜有利的气候条件和对病原体不利的条件。需要调查其他品种是否适合该地区。