Comprehensive overviews of the use of psychiatric services among children and adolescents placed in out-of-home care (OHC) by child welfare authorities are scarce. We examine specialized service use for psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders among children and adolescents in a total population involving children in OHC. We used the longitudinal administrative data of a complete Finnish birth cohort 1997 (N = 57,174). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) for a range of diagnosed psychiatric and neurodevelopmental disorders among children in OHC. We also estimated RRs for OHC among those with diagnosed disorders. We used descriptive methods to explore the timing of first entry into OHC relative to the first diagnosis. Among children in OHC, 61.9% were diagnosed with any psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorder, compared with 18.0% among those never in OHC (RR: 3.7; 95% CI 3.6–3.8). The most common diagnosed disorders among children in OHC were depression and anxiety disorders, neurodevelopmental disorders, and oppositional defiant disorder/conduct disorder (ODD/CD). Among all children with any diagnosis, 18.1% experienced OHC, compared with 2.5% among those without a diagnosis (RR: 7.4; 95% CI 6.9–7.9). Of those diagnosed with self-harm and suicidality, ODD/CD, substance-related disorders, and psychotic and bipolar disorders, 43.5–61.2% experienced OHC. Of the children in OHC receiving psychiatric services, half were diagnosed before first placement in OHC. The majority of children with experience in OHC were diagnosed with psychiatric or neurodevelopmental disorders. They comprised a significant proportion of individuals treated for severe and complex psychiatric disorders and self-harm.

关于儿童福利当局安置在家庭外护理 (OHC) 的儿童和青少年使用精神科服务的情况的全面概述很少。我们研究了 OHC 儿童总人口中儿童和青少年精神和神经发育障碍的专门服务使用情况。我们使用了 1997 年完整芬兰出生队列的纵向管理数据 ( N = 57,174)。我们估计了 OHC 儿童中一系列诊断出的精神和神经发育障碍的风险比 ( RR )。我们还估计了确诊疾病患者中 OHC 的 RR。我们使用描述性方法来探讨首次进入 OHC 相对于首次诊断的时间。在 OHC 儿童中，61.9% 被诊断患有任何精神或神经发育障碍，而从未患有 OHC 的儿童中这一比例为 18.0%（ RR ：3.7；95% CI 3.6-3.8）。 OHC 儿童中最常见的诊断疾病是抑郁症和焦虑症、神经发育障碍和对立违抗障碍/品行障碍 (ODD/CD)。在所有有任何诊断的儿童中，18.1% 经历过 OHC，而没有诊断的儿童中这一比例为 2.5%（ RR ：7.4；95% CI 6.9–7.9）。在被诊断患有自残和自杀、ODD/CD、物质相关疾病、精神病和双相情感障碍的人中，43.5-61.2% 经历过 OHC。在 OHC 接受精神科服务的儿童中，有一半是在首次被安置在 OHC 之前被诊断出来的。大多数有过 OHC 经历的儿童都被诊断患有精神或神经发育障碍。其中很大一部分人因严重和复杂的精神疾病和自残而接受治疗。