Stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are activated by light are in need of formulations that are stable under indoor lighting yet can be activated under direct sunlight. Carbene-based bioadhesives are a new generation of film-forming polymers that are stable under indoor lighting yet are rapidly activated with low-energy UVA light, but have never been evaluated under sunlight exposure. Previous investigations have evolved two flexible carbene-based platforms, where aryl-diazirine is grafted on to polyamidoamine dendrimers (PAMAM-NH₂; generation-5) or hydrophobic liquid polycaprolactone tetrol to yield G5-Dz_x and CaproGlu, respectively. For the first time the activation of G5-Dz_x and CaproGlu is investigated by natural sunlight with intensities up to 10 mW·cm⁻². Structure-property relationships of bioadhesion are investigated by: (1) joules dose of sunlight; (2) bioadhesive polymer structure; and (3) optical concentrators of magnifying glass and Fresnel lens. Using only natural sunlight, adhesion strength could be tuned from 20 to 150 kPa with crosslinking achieved in under 1 min. The results show that carbene-based polymers are a class of stimuli-sensitive biomaterials that are stable to indoor lighting, yet can be rapidly activated under direct sunlight, which may be useful for topical film forming polymers or as active ingredients in sunscreen formulations.

被光激活的刺激敏感生物材料需要在室内照明下稳定但可以在阳光直射下激活的配方。基于卡宾的生物粘合剂是新一代成膜聚合物，在室内照明下稳定，但在低能量 UVA 光下可快速激活，但从未在阳光照射下进行过评估。先前的研究已经发展出两种基于卡宾的灵活平台，其中芳基二氮丙啶接枝到聚酰胺胺树枝状大分子（PAMAM-NH ₂；第 5 代）或疏水液体聚己内酯四醇，分别产生 G5-Dz _x和 CaproGlu。首次在强度高达 10 mW·cm 的自然阳光下研究了G5-Dz _x和 CaproGlu的激活^－2．生物粘附的结构-性能关系通过以下方式研究： (1) 日光焦耳剂量；(2)生物粘附聚合物结构；(3)放大镜和菲涅耳透镜的聚光器。仅使用自然阳光，粘合强度可在 20 至 150 kPa 之间调整，并在 1 分钟内实现交联。结果表明，基于卡宾的聚合物是一类对室内照明稳定的刺激敏感生物材料，但在阳光直射下可快速活化，可用于局部成膜聚合物或作为防晒配方中的活性成分。