This paper proposes a novel scheme for energy-efficient transmitter design using optimized multi-level DSM (OML-DSM) along with time-interleaved level splitting technique. This scheme significantly improves the overall transmitter efficiency by providing high coding efficiency (CE) at the DSM stage and high drain efficiency (DE) at the amplification stage. The position of quantization level and quantization level selection window range is optimized in OML-DSM to achieve better CE compared to conventional multi-level DSM. These optimized multi-level signals are further split into bi-level signal streams using time-interleaved level splitting technique to improve the DE at the amplification stage. A 10 MHz LTE signal with 12 dB PAPR is used for simulation and measurement purposes. For hardware validation, 6-level OML-DSM is applied, which converts the 10 MHz LTE signal into six quantization levels and level splitter split these multi-levels into three bi-level signal streams with different magnitude and power levels. These bi-level signal streams are amplified using class-E SMPAs. The output of SMPAs is combined with Gysel unequal power combiner. Hardware results show that the CE and channel efficiency is improved by 18.7%, and 11.4%, respectively, compared to conventional 6-level DSM. The measured EVM is 2.2%, which shows good in-band performance.

中文翻译：

---

在数字发射机中使用时间交错电平拆分和优化的多电平 Delta Sigma 调制来提高编码效率

本文提出了一种使用优化的多级 DSM (OML-DSM) 和时间交错电平分离技术的节能发射机设计新方案。该方案通过在 DSM 级提供高编码效率 (CE) 和在放大级提供高漏极效率 (DE)，显着提高了整体发射机效率。量化级别的位置和量化级别选择窗口范围在 O​​ML-DSM 中进行了优化，以实现比传统多级 DSM 更好的 CE。这些优化的多电平信号使用时间交错电平拆分技术进一步拆分为双电平信号流，以改善放大级的 DE。具有 12 dB PAPR 的 10 MHz LTE 信号用于模拟和测量目的。对于硬件验证，应用了 6 级 OML-DSM，它将 10 MHz LTE 信号转换为六个量化电平，电平分离器将这些多电平分成三个具有不同幅度和功率电平的双电平信号流。这些双电平信号流使用 E 类 SMPA 进行放大。SMPA 的输出与 Gysel 不等功率合路器相结合。硬件结果表明，与传统的 6 级 DSM 相比，CE 和通道效率分别提高了 18.7% 和 11.4%。测得的 EVM 为 2.2%，显示出良好的带内性能。硬件结果表明，与传统的 6 级 DSM 相比，CE 和通道效率分别提高了 18.7% 和 11.4%。测得的 EVM 为 2.2%，显示出良好的带内性能。硬件结果表明，与传统的 6 级 DSM 相比，CE 和通道效率分别提高了 18.7% 和 11.4%。测得的 EVM 为 2.2%，显示出良好的带内性能。